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DISEASES (REPRODUCTIVE (GONNORHREA (males: (painful, difficult urination,…

- - - - fimbriae for attachment
      - capsule for attachment to genital region
    - - painful, difficult urination
      - purulent discharge from tip of penis : "the drip"
      - affect on testes and other reproductive regions
      - sterility
    - - painfu urination
      - discomfort
      - burning sensation
      - lead to PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE
    - - infection of newborn's eyes as they pass through birth canal of infected mother
  - - - C. trachomatis
      - co-infection with gonnorhoea
  - - - spirochete shapre
      - axial filament
    - - danger is spread to CV and lymphatics
      - In males: urethra
      - in females: cervix and urethra
      - lesions in genital region: chancres
        
        contains T. pallidum
        
        pus filled exudate/centre
    - - skin rashes
      - fever and fatigue
      - hair loss
      - lesions in oral cavity
    - - rubbery mass: gummas
    - - no symptoms
      - lasts a long time
      - can be transmitted to fetus
        
        result: severe mental retardation
        
        defects
- - - - cause: S. mutans
      - extreme sensitivity of tooth
      - plaque formation
      - roughness on tooth (ie plaque)
      - breaking of teeth into little pieces (esp in progressive tooth decay)
    - - cause: accumulation of plaque
      - GINGIVITIS
        
        bleeding of gums
        
        invovlement of gram-neg Bacteriodetes and Fusobacterium
        
        progression into PERIODONTITIS
      - PERIODONTITIS
        
        pus formation
        
        cause: Porphyromonas gingivalis (of Bacteriodete sp.)
        
        mediated by exotoxin
        
        inflammation of periodontal pockets
        
        structures around teeth degenerate
        
        loosening of affected tooth/ loosing of tooth
        
        due to exotoxin
        
        repairable by surgery: root canal
  - - - cause: S. dysenterae
        
        mediated by Shiga toxin (exotoxin)
        
        kills large tnestinal cells
        
        shuts down protein synthesis
        
        forms an abscess on L.I. cells, leads to scarring
      - grows in: small intestine
      - transmission: fecal-oral
      - dysenterae: 12-24 bowel movements in one day
      - fever
      - treatment: ORT, Q/FQ after
    - - cause: S. enterica
      - fever
      - sources of contamination
        
        poultry, beef (and beef products), raw eggs, alfalfa sprouts, pets (dogs, cats, turtles, snakes, iguanas)
    - - transmission: fecal-oral
      - cause: V. cholera
        
        exotoxin converts intestinal epithelial cells into pumps
        
        results in rice-water stools (12-20 L of fluid loss)
        
        loss of water, electrolytes, ions, important molecules
      - leads to collapse, shock and death
      - 50% rapid weight loss
      - treatment
        
        ORT reduces mortality by 50%
        
        tetracylcine
    - - Enterohemorrhagic
        
        site: large intestine
        
        destroys part of blood system
        
        causes hemolytic-uremic-syndrome
        
        destruction of blood cells
        
        affect kidneys; can cause renal failure
        
        sources of contamination:
        
        meat (hamgburger meat)
        
        processed foods (apple cider)
      - Enterpathogenic
        
        chronic diarrhea
        
        newborns + infants (esp if bottlefed)
        
        cells perch up and secrete actin pedestal
      - Enteroinvasive
        
        behaves like shigella (similar symptoms)
        
        site: large itnestine
        
        severe inflammation
        
        abscess formation
      - Enteroaggregative
        
        35-40% of cases of Traveller's diarrhea
        
        site: small intestine
        
        brick-like arrangement
      - Enterotoxigenic
        
        site: small intestine
        
        60-65% of cases (Traveller's diarrhea)
- - - - honeymoon cystitis (in females)
      - Contraceptives (IUD, etc.) (in females)
      - prostate enlargement (in males)
    - - Stage 1: Dysuria
        
        pain and difficult voiding
        
        small amount sof voiding
        
        foul odour
      - Stage 2: Pyuria
        
        white blood cells in urine
        
        pus
  - - - difficulty and painful urination
      - fever and chills, perspiration
      - nausea, vomiting
      - tenderness of pelvic region
      - scarring of kidney tissues
      - kidney failure