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Unit 6 Learning: the process of acquiring new and relatively enduring…
Unit 6 Learning: the process of acquiring new and relatively enduring information or behaviors. 
Ivan Pavlov: The father of behaviorism, a russian doctor. He is most famous for his research in classical conditioning.
Discrimination is drawing the line between responding to some stimuli, but not others.
John B. Watson: believed that psychology should be an objective science based on observable behavior.
Associative Learning: learning that certain events occur together. The events may be two stimuli (as in classical conditioning) or a response and its consequences (as in operant conditioning).
Classical Conditioning: a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events.
Unconditioned Stimulus: a stimulus that unconditionally ,naturally and automatically, triggers a response
Unconditioned Response: an unlearned, naturally occurring response to an unconditioned stimulus
Operant Conditioning: a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished followed by a punisher.
Reinforcement: in operant conditioning, any event that strengthens the behavior it follows.
Positive: increasing behaviors by presenting positive reinforcers. A positive reinforcer is any stimulus that, when presented after a response, strengthens the response.
Negative: increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli. A negative reinforcer is any stimulus that, when removed after a response, strengthens the response.
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Discriminative Stimulus: a stimulus that elicits a response after association with reinforcement (in contrast to related stimuli not associated with reinforcement).
Conditioned Stimulus: an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response
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Neutral Stimulus: in classical conditioning, a stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning.
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Behaviorism: the view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2).
Cognitive Learning: the acquisition of mental information whether by observing events, by watching others, or through language.
Latent Learning:learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.
Motivation
Intrinsic:a desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake.
Extrinsic:a desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment.
Behavior
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Operant: behavior that operates on the environment, producing consequences.
Pro-social: positive, constructive, helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior.
Coping
Problem-focus:attempting to alleviate stress directly - by changing the stressor or the way we interact with that stressor.
Emotion-focus:attempting to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to one's stress reaction.
Observational Learning:learning by observing others. Also called social learning.
Law of Effect: Thorndike's principle that behaviors followed by faborable consequences become more likely, and that behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely.