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Section 2-Electric Current (Electric Current (the flow of electric charge,…
Section 2-Electric Current
batteries
A battery supplies energy to an electric circuit
when the positive and negative terminals in a battery are connected in a circuit, the electrical potential energy of electrons in the circuit is increased.
as the electrons move toward the positive battery terminal, the electric potential energy is transformed into other forms of energy.
Batteries don't supply energy forever, they contain only a limited amount of the chemicals that react to produce chemical energy.
Electric Current
the flow of electric charge
Electric charges will flow continuously through a closed conducting loop.
Individual electrics move slowly in a electric
In solids, the flowing charges are electrons
In liquids, the flowing shares are ions
Electric current is measured in units of amperes
Electricity
the simplest electric circuit contains a source of electrical energy.
Voltage
a measure of how much electrical potential energy each electron can gain
electrical potential energy can be transformed into other forms of energy
Electric current flows in the circuit as long as none of the wires are disconnected or broken.
Resistance
The measure of how difficult it is for electrons to flow through a material.
insulators generally have a much higher resistance than conductors
As electrons flow through a circuit, they collied with the atoms and other electrical chargers in the materials that make up the circuit.
The amount of electrical energy that is converted into thermal energy increases as the resistance of the wire increases.
The electric resistance of a wire also depends on the length and thickness of the wire.
The electric resistance a wire increases as the wire becomes longer or as it becomes narrower
In a lightbulb, the filament is made of wire so narrow that it has high resistance