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Cumann na nGaedheal 1923-1932 (1) Intro (divided by the civil war, state…
Cumann na nGaedheal 1923-1932
1) Intro
divided by the civil war
state had little to no funds
living standards were low
desperate to restore law and order
2) the Free state constitution
6th of December 1922, Free State Constitution was passed by the Dail
Irish Free State was official
Senate could only delay a bill by 270 days
head of Gov. was President of the Executive Council
voting was done by Proportional Representation (PR)
represents minorities
3) New Regime
Gov. was conservative
no plans to change IRE other than the Gov.
tried to make change seemless
4) Garda Siochana
Garda were unarmed unlike Royal Irish Constabulary
Commissioner was Eoin O'Duffy
quickly got public's confidence in them
gradually reasserted the rule of law
5) The Legal System
Courts of Justice Act 1924
Sinn Fein courts abolished, British system kept
District Court
minor matters eg. public order offences
Circuit Court
serious crimes eg. murder
High Court
power over serious crimes + civil matters
Supreme Court
can oversee all matters relating to the 1922 constitution
Privy Council
final court of appeal (in London + was discouraged by Gov.
6) Public Safety Acts (1923+1927)
civil war ended May 1923, violence didn't
detention without trial (anyone who was a threat to the state)
flogging reintroduced for arson + armed crimes
had calmed by 1924, 12,000 republican prisoners were released
7) Army Mutiny
Free State Army was at 55,000
Gov. wanted to reduce it to 20,000
6th of March 1924, Tobin, Dalton + a group of soldiers sent an ultimatum to the Gov.
wanted a declaration that the gov was working to get an united IRE, to not reduce the army + to get rid of the Army Council
Cosgrave was ill + O'Higgins was incarge
he put O'Duffy over the head of the Minister of Defense, got rid of the Army Council, introduced an army pension
Gov still reduced down the Army to 6,000
8) Peaceful Transition of Power
Fianna Fail won the 1932 general election
Cosgrave convinced army to accept new Gov.