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SOMETHING IS FISHY: SALMON FARMING IN BC (Economic Impacts (Industry (11…
SOMETHING
IS FISHY: SALMON FARMING IN BC
Ecological Impacts
Over harvesting of wild population
Depletion of wild salmon populations
Solution aquaculture?
controversial study informing legislation stating "low overall risk" to natural environment
Sea lice = further depletion of wild stocks
Uncertainty of further impacts to ecosystems and species
Effects on marine mammal species
Stake holders
First Nations
Impacts their way of life
BC government
BC citizens
Political and Decision-Making Authority
Governance of the industry - jurisdiction of the Federal government
Leading federal agency is the DFO -
Department of Fisheries and Oceans
*First Nations, environmental groups
, and the
industry
all strive for influence and sway policy decisions*
Industry
provide scientific information to the DFO on which policies are created, limiting the credibility of the data collection
:
First Nations
population highly knowledgeable, but their voices are not heard equally in stakeholder conversations. They have high capacity, but limited access to join the conversatoin
The
BC provincial Ministry of Agriculture
is the lead agency in their ‘strategic development of the industry’
Socio-Cultural Impacts
*First Nations
are increasingly under threat in terms of their diet, economic and political position and cultural traditions* "WE ARE THE SALMON PEOPLE: FARMED FISH KILLS OUR WAY OF LIFE" NUXALK HEILTSUK ULKATCH
Farms within the traditional territories of
First Nations
have been established without consultation with the groups
Ecological impacts
Economic impacts
Lack of democratic governance of the industry
Not enough incorporation in decision making processes
Health risks surrounding consumption
Legislation and Regulation
At an international level, legislation or an international legislative body for aquaculture is absent
An international body would prevent the industry from moving locations if domestic regulations become to stringent
Standardized practices worldwide would help to hold the industry accountable
BC imposed a 6-year moratorium on new open-net farming licenses in 1995 due to lack of certainty in scientific data around aquaculture
Result: existing farms doubled production due to lack of regulation
*Department of Fisheries and Oceans
(DFO) is the primary regulator. They are bound by:*
Fisheries Act
Aquaculture Activities Regulations
Environment Canada legislation: Canadian Environmental Protection Act
Health Canada legislation: Food and Drugs Act
Canadian Food Inspection Agency legislation: Health of Animals Act
Example of a good regulatory regime: Scotland
Scottish environmental protection agency (SEPA) has specific guidelines for water quality, and can take action against companies
Economic Impacts
1970s
1995
Concerns halted development of new farms
2013 production doubled
Lack of regulations impacts
2011 raised $58.5 million GDP
creation of jobs
Government
Industry
11 Companies
Marine Harvest
Grieg Seafood
88%
Cermaq
Provide scientific information to DFO. Is this credible?
Communities in Campbell River, Port Hardy, and Tofino
BC citizens
Concerned citizens/environmental groups
First Nations
Dependant on wild salmon stocks and operations in their territories
Global Market
Effects to Ecosystem and Species
Consequences for communities and local livelihoods
Impacts on the economy or economic sectors; impacts on physical or public infrastructure
Impacts on land use/development
Stakeholders
Stakeholders
