Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Assisting with Diagnostic Imaging RADIOGRAPHY (making of x-ray images…

- - - - Left anterior oblique - patient's left side is on the image receptor, with his or her anterior (front) leaning toward the IR.
      - Right anterior oblique - patient's right side is on the image receptor, with his or her anterior (front) leaning toward the IR.
      - Right posterior oblique - patient's right side is on the image receptor, with his or her posterior (back) leaning toward the IR.
      - Left posterior oblique - patient's left side is on the image receptor, with his or her posterior (back) leaning toward the IR.
    - - Left lateral - patient's left side is on the image receptor
      - Right lateral - patient's right side is on the image receptor
  - - - Axial Projections
        -longitudinal angulation of the x-ray beam
        
        anteroposterior (AP)
        
        AP projection with a caudal angulation
        
        AP projection with a cephalic angulation (e.g. AP: CR 15-30 degrees cephalad)
        
        posteroanterior (PA)
        
        PA projection with a caudal angulation (e.g. PA: CR 10-20 degrees caudad)
        
        PA projection with a cephalic angulation
  - - - Dorsal recumbent - lying on the back (supine) with the knees bent and the feet flat on the table)
      - Lateral recumbent - lying on the side
      - Ventral recumbent - lying face down, prone
  - - - Plantar - sole
      - Palmar - palm
      - Medial - Toward the center of the body/part
      - Lateral - side or away from the center
      - Internal - deep, near the center of the body/part
      - Inferior - below, farther from the head
      - External - to the outside
      - Distal - Away from the source/origin
      - Caudal - opposite of cephalic
      - Cephalic - toward the head
    - - Superior - Above, toward the head
      - Proximal - Toward the source/origin
- - - - Use the highest kVp possible
      - Establish good routine procedures and follow them strictly
      - Use an SID of at least 40 inches
      - Avoid errors
      - Shield the reproductive organs and other sensitive organs (e.g., eyes, thyroid, and breasts)
      - Collimate to the smallest radiation field
    - - The patient must be informed of the purpose of the study, how the procedure will be performed, and any important patient preparation steps.
      - Medical Assistant
        -must understand diagnostic procedures and informed consent can be obtained
        -should review instruction sheets with the patient
        -ask the patient about iodine or shellfish allergies and whether he or she has ever had a negative reaction to contrast media; if so, the provider should be informed
      - The Healthcare facility should have instruction sheets ready to distribute to patients scheduled for diagnostic studies.
- - - - Upper GI series (barium swallow) - Fluoroscopic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum; barium sulfate is used as a contrast medium and is administered orally.
        Prep: NPO and no smoking 8 hr before; if small bowel is included in imaging, instruct on laxative/cathartics use as prescribed; a barium drink is consumed just before testing; afterward, stools are expected to be white or pale; lower GI tests may require repeat imaging after 24 hr.
      - Lower GI series (barium enema) -fluoroscopic examination of the colon, usually using rectal administration of barium sulfate as a contrast medium.
        Prep: Bowel must be emptied before procedure; clear liquid diet 24 hr before test (no milk); laxatives/cathartics day before test; enemas morning of test; increase fluids after test—pale stools and constipation are typical.
      - Myelography - Fluoroscopic examination of the spinal canal with spinal injection of an iodinated contrast medium.
        Prep: NPO 8 hr
      - Arthrography - Fluoroscopic record of the soft tissue components of joints with direct injection of a contrast medium into the joint capsule.
        Prep: NPO 8 hr
    - - Angiocardiography - or cardiac catheterization, is used to display the coronary arteries.
      - Angiography [arteriogram (artery) or venogram (vein)] - performed with an iodine dye to visualize blood vessels.
        Prep: Clear liquids 24 hr before test; NPO 8 hr before test; if abdominal vasculature is to be imaged, patient may need laxative/cathartics and enemas.