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TCP/IP (Reliable (3 handshake connect (CONN client => server, with…
TCP/IP
Reliable
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Acknowledge (ACK)
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cumulative, NOT allowed to skip seq number, must be incremental to detect data loss
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3 handshake connect
- CONN client => server, with random initial seq number N
- ACK server => client, with random ACK number N+1, seq number M
- ACK client => server, with ACK number M+1, seq number N+1
if this ACK contains NO data, seq number is not consumed
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Flow Control
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congestion control
slow start
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upon each ACK, double the window size until hitting the slow start threshold
when window > ssthresh, increment by 1 instead of doubling
actual window size = min(send window, receive window)
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congestion avoidance
upon data loss, decrease the window size
fast retransmit
upon receiving 3 duplicate ACKs, re-transmit the packet right after last received one.
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