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Soil Nutrients (Fertilization (Common ("Natural" (Biosolids…
Soil Nutrients
Fertilization
Nutrient management
Balance
Nutrients
Quality plants
Cost
Proper testing...
ID deficiencies
Ensure plant health
Reduce cost
Evaluated for...
Forestry
Agriculture
Landscaping
Common
Nitrogen
Urea
Biological
Anhydrous ammonia
Phosphorus
Phosphate mined
Superphosphate
Potassium
Sedimentary mined
Processed into soluble form
Sulfur
Gypsum
Elemental sulfur
"Natural"
Manure
Green manure
Compost
Biosolids
Sewage sludge
"CompTill"
Micronutrients
Depend on plants
Balance
Deficiency
Toxicity
Selection
Nutrient content
Release rates
Availaibility
Cost
Ease of use
Environmental impact
Application
Broadcast
Irrigation H2O
Localized (Injection)
Foliar
Determine needs
Info needed
What nutrients?
How much of each?
Diagnostic methods
Guesswork
References
Interpret visuals
Soil analysis
Plant analysis
Understand...
Uptake rates
Interactions
Soil :small_red_triangle: over time
Issues
pH
Nothing works
Organic Matter :arrow_down:
unproductive
no energy sources
Salts/chlorides :arrow_up:
Microbes die
Compacted soil
Burned roots
Compacted
Not enough
air
H2O
nutrients
Plants suffer
Nutrients out of balance
No healthy plants
More insect damage
Nutrients in Soil
Availability
Forms
Soil solution
Solid nutrients
Measured by...
Reserves
Fertility
Capacity
In solution
Found as...
Ions (dissolved)
Organic complexes
Removed by...
Plant uptake
Leaching
Replenished by...
Ion exchange
Organic decomp
Fertilizers
Nutrient release
Processes
Cation release on particle
Weathering
Organic matter decay
Rate controlled by...
Mineralogy
pH
Organic matter amount
Roots
Uptake
Form
Minerals
Soluble
Transport
Mass flow
Diffusion
Effect
Competition is dependent
Mobility of nutrients
Root forms
Density
Depth
Distribution
Nutrient Elements
Plant composition
H2O
C, O2, H
Other elements
Types
Macronutrients
Structural
Oxygen (O2)
Hydrogen (H2O)
Carbon (CO2)
Organic
Building blocks
Come from air/H20
Need in quantity
From soil
Secondary nutrients
Sulfur (SO4-2)
Amino acids
Proteins
Calcium (Ca+2)
Process regulator
Calmodulin
Magnesium (Mg+2)
Photosynthesis
Chlorophyll
Typically readily aviailable
Primary
Nitrogen (NO3-, NH4+)
Nucleotides
Amino acids
Phosphorus (H2PO4-, HPO4-2)
Nucleotides
Phospholipids
Cell processes
Potassium (K+)
Enzyme activator
Neutralize acids
Supplemented as fertilizers
Micronutrients
Need less
Iron (Fe+2, Fe+3)
Enzyme activators
Zinc (Zn+2)
Copper (Cu+2)
Manganese (Mn+2)
Molybdenum (MoO-2)
Chlorine (Cl-)
Boron (H2BO3-)
Cobalt (Co+2)
From soil
Movement
Uptake
Foliar (above ground)
Thru root/vascular
Rates depend on...
Nutrient availability
Nutrient concentration
Temperature
Oxygen
Soil charge/pH
Internal system
Plant health