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IT-design från ett systemperspektiv (Hur och varför systemtänkande vuxit…
IT-design från ett systemperspektiv
Centrala begrepp inom systemtänkande och hur de relaterar till varandra?
Systems
Concists of interrelated elements
System approach
Systems taken as a whole, not on their parts taken seperatly
The five approaches
System dynamics (SD)
Viable system model (VSM)
Strategic options development and analysis (SODA)
Soft systems methodology (SSM)
Critical systems heuristics (CSH)
Abstract / Concrete
Abstract systems
Elements are concepts
Examples: Language, philosophic systems
and number systems
Concrete systems
At least one element is an object
State of a system
At a moment in time
Event
A change in the structual state of the system (or environment)
Changes
Reaction
State-maintaining system
Response
Goal-seeking system
Multi-goal-seeking system
2 more items...
Act
Behavior
Process
Static / Dynamic
Static (One-state)
Evens can't occur
Homeostatic system
Retains its state in a changing environment by internal adjustments
Dynamic (multi-state)
Events occur
Closed / Open
Closed System
Has no environment
Open system
Has invironment
Environment of a system
Not part of the system but can, sometimes, effect the system
State of system's envirnment
Environment at a perticular time
Hur och varför systemtänkande vuxit fram?
How?
By using on of the possible perspectives
System thinking
Thinking about systems
Two aspects of system Thinking
Holism
Pluralism
"A systems approach begins when first you see the world through the eyes of another"
- Churchman 1968
By gaining understanding by looking at the relationships between things
By understand something by pulling it apart
By concidering a situation as a whole
By focusing on improving a situation, rather than solving a problem
System thinking categories
Hard
Soft
Critical
Why?
To solve/help complex situations/problems
Mess/Difficult
Mess
Serious implications
Difficult
No matter how complicated, can be con-
ceptualized in a straight-forward way and then worked upon,
Because of traps with Conventional thinking
Conventional thinking can be counterproductive in resolving complex issues
Traps
Interconnections can be ignored
A single cause may be assumed
It may be assumed that an individual is to blame
There may be a focus on outcomes
Two dimensions of traps
Reductionism
dogmatism