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Classification of Adaptive Facades (Technologies, materials and systems…
Classification of Adaptive Facades
Goal / Purpose
Thermal comfort
Prevent, reject, admit or modulate (store, distribute) solar gains, and conductive, convective and long-wave radiant heat flux to improve occupant comfort
Indoor air quality
Controlled porosity for exchange and filtering of outside air
Visual performance (illuminance, glare, view)
Prevent, reject, admit or redirect visible light
Acoustic quality
Prevent, reject, admit or redirect sound pressure
Energy generation
Collect and convert wind energy and sunlight into electricity and thermal energy
Personal control
User interaction and adaptation to individual needs
Energy efficiency
Prevent, reject, admit or modulate (store, distribute) solar gains, and conductive, convective and long-wave radiant heat flux to reduce HVAC and lighting energy use
Technologies, materials and systems
Shading
Insulation
Switchable glazing
PCM
Solar tubes
BIPV and solar thermal systems
Shape memory alloys
Facade openings
Kinetic systems
...
Switchable materials
Ventilated facade
Multifunctional modules
Water/liquid based facades
Response time
Seconds
Minutes
Hours
Day-night cycle
Seasons
Years
Decades
Spatial scale
Building material
Facade element
Wall
Fenestration
Roof
Whole building
Operation
Intrinsic
Extrinsic
Visibility
No
Low
High
Degree of adaptability
On-off
Gradual
Responsive functions