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Personality (Biologically Rooted (Biological factors - brain structure,…

- - - - siblings are not that close - due to differences in treatment, friends, age
    - - no specific genes - rather thousands
        
        personality is the reflection of the genes of both the parents
    - - Demonstrated that parenting doesn't have that huge of an impact on personality
        
        Minimum levels are important -can choose which traits to nurture
  - - - Groups with diverse traits were more likely to be chosen for survival as the diverse traits made survival easier
- - - - Rorschach inkblot
  - - - sort cards to identify traits most central
- - - - Reciprocal action where the environment influences the individual and vice versa
        
        strong vs weak situations
  - - - Tendencies are dispositional traits based on biology
        
        Adaptations are situational adjustments
    - - Age - less neurotic, less extraverted, more agreeable and conscientious
        
        May be a result of environmental factors
      - Large life events
        
        alter lifestyles and emotions and beahviors
      - In general, result of expectations and experiences with age
        
        trivial events that spark significant events also affect
    - - Difference in culture might exist due to cultural norms and miscommunication during questionnaires
      - In general, these five traits are universal
      - Self reports do not match cultural stereotypes
- - - - Self-regulatory properties
  - - - Rewards are in your own control/not in your control
  - - - Personal opinions about how the world works
- - - - Believed that the contrast and conflict of the id and superego led to personality
    - - Children developed through psychosexual stages
        
        Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
        
        Oedepidus Complex led to association with same sex parent
    - - Denial, repression, projection, reaction formation, rationalization, displacement, sublimation
        
        Not a way to suppress conflict, just a way to save face
      - Anna Freud
    - - Unable to prove
    - - focus on object relations theory, but is largely left behind
  - - - self actualization
    - - person-centered approach
        
        Emphasis on subjective understandings of lives
        
        unconditional positive regard
- - - - Five universal traits
        
        Openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism
      - Consistent across cultures, scores have been shown to predict behavior
        
        Different traits show up on different brain areas
      - Provides a framework for thinking about traits
    - - Author: Eysenck
      - Based on the Five Factor Theory
      - Personal traits have two major dimensions - introversion/extraversion, and neuroticism
      - RAS Theory
        
        Found arousal higher in introverts and lower in extraverts
        
        explained the behavior of people
      - Behavior
        
        Gray
        
        BAS vs BIS
        
        BAS - pursuit of rewards
        
        BIS - sensitivity to punishment/risk