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Memory (Types of Memory (Baddeley (STM and LTM coding (Presented…

- - - - Joseph Jacobs
        
        Average span between 5 and 9, STM had limited capacity
        
        Participants had to recall digits in same order starting with 3 digits in a sequence and increasing by 1 digit each time
        
        Unrealistic- conducted in lab
        
        Practical applications- telephone numbers based on this idea
      - Miller
        
        Argued 7 +/-2, chunking, chunking improves capacity
    - - Brown, Peterson + Peterson
        
        Recall 3 consonants after different time periods (3, 6, 9, 12, 15 or 18 seconds)
        
        80% recall after 3 seconds
        
        50% recall after 6 seconds
        
        Count backwards during each delay
        
        10% recall after 10 seconds
        
        Repeated measures- reliable
        
        Lacks ecological validity- artificial
        
        Only considered 1 type of stimulus- what about smell, pictures or music?
        
        Results may have decreased due to confusion caused by number of trigrams participants had to learn rather than duration
  - - - Wagenaar
        
        Created a 2,400 event diary over 6 years and tested himself, had excellent recall suggesting large LTM capacity
        
        Biased- tested himself
        
        Can't generalise- just one person
    - - Bahrick
  - - - Presented participants with either acoustically similar, acoustically dissimilar, semantically similar or semantically dissimilar words
      - They had to remember and recall was worse for STM in acoustically similar words and for LTM semantically similar words