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VIRUS REPLICATION (Typical infectious cycle of viruses (4. Replicates it…

- - - - 1. recognition and attachment to specific host receptor - determine the host range of virus
        
        Rhinovirus - ICAM-1
        
        Rabies virus - Acetylcholine receptor
        
        HIV - CD4 + T cells
        
        HSV-1 - Fibroblst growth factor receptor
      - 2. Appropriate pH and ionic concentration
        
        Both host cells & viral particles are -ve charged at pH 7
        
        Required counter-ion (Mg ion)
  - - - a. receptor mediated endocytosis
        
        virus is internalised through clathrin-coated vesicles which become endosomal vesicle
      - b. direct penetration (viropexis)
      - c. cell/membrane fusion
        
        fusion of viral envelope with cell membrane after viral attachment.
        
        Nucleocapsids then released into cytoplasm leaving viral envelope remains on plasma membrane
  - - - Viral nucleocapsid interacts with specific membrane site mediated by matrix protein
      - cell membrane evaginate at that site - enveloped particle bud off from membrane