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CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM (STRUCTURE OF THE HEART (HEART VALVE (Tricuspid…
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
STRUCTURE OF THE HEART
HEART : a hollow, cone-shaped, muscular pump within the thoracic cavity
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LOCATION : lies in the mediastinum under the sternum; its apex extends to the fifth intercostal space
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HEART VALVE
Tricuspid valve – prevents blood from flowing back into the right atrium when the right ventricle contracts
Bicuspid (mitral) valve – prevents blood from flowing back into the left atrium when the left ventricle contracts
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BLOOD PRESSURE Force blood exerts on the inner walls of blood vessels
•Highest in arteries
•Lowest in veins
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Starling's law of the heart
•Blood entering the left ventricle stretches the wall of the ventricle
•The more the wall is stretched
•The harder it will contract and
•The more blood it will pump out
Baroreceptors
•Also help regulate blood pressure
•Located in the aorta and carotid arteries
•High blood pressure in aorta ->message to cardiac center in brain -> decreases heart rate -> lowers blood pressure
•Low blood pressure in aorta -> message to cardiac center in the brain -> increases heart rate -> increases blood pressure
INTRODUCTION
consists of heart & blood vessels (arteries, capillaries, veins)
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CARDIAC CYCLE One heartbeat = one cardiac cycle
- Atria contract and relax
- Ventricles contract and relax
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Cardiac Cycle Influenced by:
•Exercise
•Parasympathetic/Sympathetic nerves
•Cardiac control center
•Body temperature
•Potassium/Calcium ions
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