Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Geography (Urbanisation - The increasing proportion of people living in…
Geography
Urbanisation - The increasing proportion of people living in towns and cities: greater percentage of people in cities and lower percentages in rural areas
-
-
Urban change in cities in the UK leads to a variety of social, economic and environmental opportunities and challenges.
-
Environmental = conditions such as pollution, green space
-
Cycle of urbanisation
Higher paid/proffesional workers can afford to travel into the city. larger housing in a more pleasant environmetnt (suburbs)
People moved away, better quality of life.
-
Rio De Janeiro
Location
Rio De Janeiro is on the south east coast of Brazil, on the west of the Atlantic ocean.
Rocinha is on the steep slops leading to the tropical forest, and is a shanty town #
Mountians to the north and west, the coast at the south and east limit the city
-
-
Push and pull factors
Push
The city slums of Rio de Janeiro are dirty, often with no sewerage systems and disease is a big problem
-
-
-
Poor, thin soils make farming extremely difficult in the rainforest
-
The weather in the rainforest is extremely hot, with extensive rainy periods
-
Pull
The government offer people living in the city slums of Rio De Janeiro the opportunity to improve their own living conditions.
-
People love with their grandparents and three daughters in a village in the rain forest. Life is built around her family
-
Friends live in villages, in the rainforest
Rio de Janeiro is a big wealthy city. There are so many rich people living there. The night-life is amazing
Family members moved to the slums of Rio de Janeiro to look for more reliable work. They send extra money they earn home to their families and their children, and hope they will join him soon in the city soon
-
-
-
-
Self help
-
-
The government provide the materials such as bricks, cement and glass to enable residents to improve their home
-
-
Bristol Case Study
Challenges
Social Inequality
INNER CITY; FILWOOD - Life expectancy of 78 years old, below city ave cancer death above ave, low level participation in sport, above ave teenage pregnancy, 36% top grades GCSE, 13000 crimes/an
SUBURB; STOKE BISHOP - Life expectancy 83 years old above city ave, poor access to shops, 94%top GCSE grades, 50% have a degree, 300 crimes/an or less, highest level of car ownership
Urban growth/sprawl since 1950s. Housing build around the rural edge especially to the north e.g. Bradley Stoke
-
-
-
Economic
Decline of traditional industries based on imports - DEINDUSTRIALISATION - tobacco, cigarettes, wine & sherry
-
Bristol's Importance
-
-
-
Tourism
8th tourist city in the UK. Brunel's SS Great Britain and Clifton suspension Bridge, Bristol Zoo
International City
Location - On M4 corridor. Good rail links to London & rest of UK. Airport - Europe &USA.
Investment from over seas in finance & high -tech co e.g. Airbus, 2 major deep water docks - Avonmouth & royal Portbury container port
Opportunities
Social & Cultural
SHOPPING - a recreational activity! Cribbs Causeway - out of town centre. Redeveloped city centre - Cabot Circus shopping centre, pedestrianised centre, open street market, park & ride.
BRISTOL'S HARBOURSIDE. bars, nightclubs and venues. Science exhibition centre. Annual festival - 300,00 visitors a year
-
Economic
SKILLED WORKFORCE. UNIVERSITIES with advanced research and good links to the council. SUPERCONNECTED CITY - £100m government grant for fast broadband. CLEAN ENVIRONMENT with access to coast and historic cities nerby
DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH-TECH INDUSTRY. 50 MICRO-ELECTRONICS & SILICON DESIGN; and ROBOTICS, 3D printing businesses. Major global co e.g. Aardman Animations, Hewlett-Packard, Toshiba. AEROSPACE INDUSTRY - 15 global co e.g. Rolls Royce, Airbus
Environmental
URBAN GREENING 30% of city is open space 8 nature reserves, Queens's Square changed from dual carriageway to open space with cycle ways
-
DERELICT LAND or BROWNFIELD SITES REUSED e.g. for 94% of new high density housing 2006-2013 30,000 more planned by 2026
Physical World
Deserts
Challenges
-
Transport
Sands can cover the road, therefor not visible
-
-
-
More people and animals
More Food needed, people grow crops on the land for themselves and animal grazing. However this can lead to the crop land being overgrazed
-
More water needed, this causes people to dig wells. Animals are pushed on drier areas - this comes overgrazing and the land is stripped bare of vegetation
-
-
Low Rainfall
Irrigation -
However, this can lead to 'Salinisation' - Where water containing salts evaporates leaving a layer of salt on the surface which leaves plants to die. Also the evaporation on the surface draws underground water to the surface which the high salinity of the water also kills the plants
-
-
-
Temperature
Hot
Not much cloud coverage, direct sunlight
-
-
-
-
-
Adaptations
-
Animal
-
Most animals that live in the desert have to survive without much water which means that they have to live in burrows so that water cant get out of their bodies as easily because it is less hot underground that it would be on the surface which mean less water would evaporate from their bodies
-
-