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Nueroummunology (Astrocyte (Essential for the cohesion of the BBB through…
Nueroummunology
Astrocyte
Astrocytes-Brain development,
Brain structure and cohesion,
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Extracellular homeostatia ,
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Microgliall cells
Microglial
Microglia 2 Microglia activated in infectious diseases, degenerative disease and other types of CNS injuries. They become phagocytic and develop into the macrophages.
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Microglial - Microglia are the main resident immunological cells the CNS
They are of mesodermal origin similar to other immunological cells as they migrate into the CNS during embryological development.
They can also be derived from circulating blood monocytes which migrate into the CNS later in life
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Immune response
Specific responses (adaptive/long term) - T cells arise from stem cells in the bone marrow then travel to the thymus where the differentiate and mature. The maturity allows receptors for self-markers (MHC molecules and for antigen-specific recognition).
Helper t cells-produce and secrete chemicals which promote a large number of effectors and memory cells.
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Non-specific responses generalised response to pathogen infection they do not target a specific cell type.
Phagocytes-cells which eat foreign material to destroy them. They have formed stem cells in bone marrow.
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Macrophage-big eaters, Inform t lymphocytes at a specific antigen is present
Believed that there was no immune surveillance of leukocytes supported by the existence of a blood-brain barrier. Additional support of the brains immuno-privileged nature is its lack of lymphatic vessels and lymphatic drainage
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CNS regulates innate immune response through hormonal and neuronal routes. The neuroendocrine stress response and the CNS generally inhibit immune responses whereas the PNS tends to amplify local innate immune response. These two system work together to first activate and amplify local inflammatory response that contain or eliminate invading pathogens.
Glucocorticords act on immune cells both directly and indirectly to suppress the cell mediated immunity. It also supress the humoral imunity