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Migration (Definitions (Forced migration (When people have to migrate,…
Migration
Definitions
Forced migration
When people have to migrate, normally because their life is in danger e.g. war or natural disaster.
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Economic migration
When people move because of their work, usually to find a better paid job or a promotion.
Chain migration
The process by migrants from one town following migrants from the same town to a particular city or neighbourhood.
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Remittances
Money sent home from family members or friends living an earning money in a different location, normally a foreign country.
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IDPs
This stands for internally displaced person and it is someone who has been forced to leave their home and move somewhere else within their country.
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Urbanisation
The increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas. Urbanisation normally takes place because of rapid rural-urban migration.
Forced migration
Causes
- Natural disasters like flooding, earthquakes or volcanoes
- Outbreaks of disease
- War
- Political persecution
- Drought and famine
Voluntary migration
Causes
- Retirement
- Education
- Work
- Medical care
- More relaxed lifestyle in foreign country
Push factors
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- No job or a poorly paid job
- Food and water shortages
- Poor education and medical care
- Crime or conflict
Pull factors
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- Prospect of a better job
- Lower crime rates and peace
- Prospect of better education for them or their children
- Availability of food and water
- Greater political freedoms
- Greater gender equality
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Source Country
Advantages
- A reduction in unemployment
- Remittances
- Migrants may return home with new skills
- Increased political ties with migrants host country
- Reduced pressure on education and healthcare system
- Reduction in births rates and total fertility rate as many migrants are in the reproductive age range
Disadvantages
- Brain drain
- A shortage of workers
- An increase in the dependency ratio as economically active migrate
- Separation of families
- Creates dependency on remittances
Host Country
Advantages
- Brain gain
- As well as trained migrants there will be as source of cheap migrants to fill manual jobs.
- increased cultural diversity
- Growth of local market with increase of population
- If migrants are legal, then an increase in tax revenues for the government
Disadvantages
- increase in racial tension
- greater pollution and overcrowding
- rise in unemployment
- increase pressure on services
- Growth of black market and informal economy if migrants are illegally present
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