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LU 7: RESPIRATION (Respiratory System (Lungs of terrestrial vertebrates…

- - - - Borneon Flat-headed Frog
  - - - Grasshopper
        
        xchange btween tracheoles and body cells
  - - - Spiders
        
        have lamellae
      - Scorpion
  - - - Gill slits
        
        Rich capillary network
        
        Counter current exchange
        
        Flow of blood opposite flow of water
    - - Bony fish
        
        Internal gills
        
        Buccal cavity (mouth)
        
        Opercular cavity (gill chamber below gill cover)
        
        Limitation
        
        no work in land
        
        lack support in less-buoyant air
        
        must occur in water
    - - External gills
        
        feather like
        
        thin gills
        
        skin additional resp. syst.
        
        Limitation
        
        must constant motion water current
        
        tissue delicate no protect
        
        small body size
    - - Fish - live in low oxygenated H2O
      - Diffusion takes place
  - - - Pulmonary ventilation
        
        Breathing
        
        Movement air - in/out lungs
      - External respiration
        
        Between lung and blood capillaries
        
        Exchange O2 and CO2
      - Transportation of gasses
        
        Through body by blood
      - Internal respiration
        
        Between tissue cells and blood
        
        Exchange O2 and CO2
      - Cellular respiration
        
        Utilise O2
        
        Produce CO2 by tissue cells
    - - lung - enormous surface area
      - presence of thin air sacs
    - - Diaphragm absent
    - - Diaphragm absent (Snake/ Lizard)
      - Sea turtles
        
        Ventilate lung using muscles
        
        use intercostal and diaphragm
    - - Aerodynamically valving
      - Air sacs
        
        Allow unidirectional flow
      - Numerous thin-wall tube within lung (Parabronchi)