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Adaptive Immunity (Differences between Cell mediated and humoral responses…

- - - - Activated via T cell dependant or independant pathways
        
        Recognise protein, polysaccharide etc antigens
        
        Can act against soluble free antigens
        
        target extracellular pathogens
  - - - Recognise only protein antigens
        
        Recognises antigens presented by ACP's with MHC 1 or 2
        
        Targets intracellular pathogens
- - - - T cell dependant
        
        Binding of complementary epitope and paratope (Ag + BCR)
        
        Internalised, fuse with lysosome, antigen processed to peptides and presented by MHC 2
        
        Antigen portion presented by MHC class 2 molecules at cells surface
        
        Helper T cell recognises peptide on MCH2 and binds (CD4 strengthens binding). APC's express co-stimulators required for T cell activation
        
        IL2 released from T helper
        
        1 more item...
      - T cell independant
        
        Antigen polysaccharide chain binds to
        BCR receptors on surface of B cell
        
        Poliferation
        
        plasma cells (memory cells also)
        
        Secrete only IgM or IgD from plasma cell
        
        BCR - Immunoglobulins are almost identical to BCR but doesnt contain the protein sequences at tip of heavy chain which anchor BCR to outside of cell. So they are free to circulated
        IgM and IgD
      - Can bind 2 antigens with immunoglobulin not 1 as with T cells
- - - - Activation
        
        Poliferation
        
        Differentiation
        
        Effector CD8+ T cell
        
        Kill infected cells and macrophage activation
        
        Perforins cause pore on cell surface
        (pathogen or infected cell)
        
        CD8+ cell injects granzymes (microcidal) through pore actually kill pathogens so they dont just escape and go on to infect other cells.
        
        Memory CD8+ T cell
    - - Activation - IL-2 secreted (cytokine) from naive cell activates itself (so acts on the same cells)
        
        Poliferation
        
        Differentiation
        
        Memory CD4+ T cell
        For use next time, not this infection, have no immune role yet
        
        Effector CD4+ T cells
        
        T helper cells, active and performs function
        
        Activation of macrophages, B cells and other cells:Inflammation