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II WORLD WAR (1939-1945) (CONSEQUENCES (Political repercussions (New order…

- - - - Territorial claims
    - - Germany abandoned the LN
      - Unable to stop conflicts.
    - - European countries accepted the German request to avoid another war.
  - - - Japan invaded Manchuria in 1932
      - Italy annexed Ethiopia (1935) and Albania (1939)
      - Germany annexed Austria and the Czech region of Sudetenland (1939) and practically all Czechoslovakia (1939)
    - - Italy supported the nazi policy because recognized their invasion on Ethiopia.
      - Both of them supported Franco during the Spanish Civil War
        
        Axis Rome-Berlin
      - Hitler signed a pact with Tokio against the USSR (Pact Antikomitern)
        
        Axis Rome-Berlin-Tokio
  - - - United Kingdom and France declared war against Germany
      - To prepare the invasion, Germany signed a non-agression secret pact in 1939 with the USSR to divide up Poland and the USSR obtained Finland and the Baltic States.
- - - - Involved 60 countries
      - Affecting the 90% of the global population
    - - Economy based on war
      - Mobilisation of over 100 million soldiers
      - Powerful weapons
    - - 800 million civilians were occupied and bombed.
      - Deportations
      - torture
      - Murder
      - genocide
  - - - Western Front
        
        Germany invaded Poland in a month
        
        Blitzkrieg
        
        Use of tanks and planes together
        
        Hitler invaded part of France and Norway
        
        Supported by Italy
        
        Hitler forced the formation of the Vichy government.
        
        Puppet state
        
        Sought to defeat UK
        
        Chamberlain had been substituted by Winston Churchill, against the German.
        
        English Battle
        
        Germany was defeated
      - Eastern Front
        
        Conquest of some territories in North Africa
        
        Conquest of territories in the Balkans
        
        On 22nd June 1941 Germans invaded the USSR with an army of more than 3.000.000 soldiers.
        
        Defeat of Germany
        
        Reorganization of the USSR
      - Pacific War
        
        In 1941, Japan destroyed the USA Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbour (Hawai)
        
        USA entered in the War as an ally power
    - - 1942
        
        The first defeats to change the war
        
        Stalingrado: where Germans were defeated for seek oil reserves
        
        Alamein: Germany tried to invade Egypt for the fuel but were defeated
        
        Midway
        
        Japan was braked by the USA in the Pacific.
      - 1943
        
        In Russia the German army was defeated in the battle of Kursk
        
        Allies attacked Italy from the South
      - Final Offensives
        
        The allies took advantage with the Normandy landings on 6th June 1944 and freed Paris.
        
        USSR entered in Germany and fenced Berlin.
        
        1945, Mussolini was captured and executed.
        
        The German army in Italy surrendered.
        
        30th April 1945, Hitler commited suicide and Berlin was conquered.
        
        War has ended in EUROPE.
        
        War continued in the Pacific.
        
        President Truman ordered the use of atomic bombs to end up with the war.
        
        Hiroshima and Nagasaki (august 1945)
        
        Japan surrendered on 2nd Setember 1945
- - - - A debate about the army behaviour was started.
  - - - Objectives
        
        To help countries to restore their economy and build a new financial system to ease economical agreements among countries.
        
        International Monetary Fund (IMF)
        
        World Bank (WB)
  - - - Then, they planned the European unification
    - - USSR
      - USA
- - - - USSR would annex Baltic States and eastern Poland.
    - - UK-USA-USSR agreed democratic governements in Europe.
        
        Stalin will reject democratic elections in USSR.
      - Map redrawn.
        
        Boundaries of Poland.
        
        Boundaries of Germany.
        
        Berlin was divided into 4 military zones (USA, UK, USSR, France).
    - - German annexions would be reverted.
      - Germany would be demilitarized and divided (Yalta).
      - War reparations paid by Nazis.
      - Nazi criminals would be punished.
        
        Nuremberg trials.
  - - - Berlin was divided.
    - - Viena was divided.
    - - Occupied by Anglo-American
      - Lost its colonies.
    - - Occupied by USA
      - Lost its colonies
      - Returned Manchuria to China
    - - Occupied by millions of Russian soldiers.
  - - - San Francisco Conference on 26th June 1945 signed by 50 states.
      - Objectives
        
        Mantain world peace and security through peaceful solutions to conflicts.
        
        Respect for human rights
        
        International cooperation
        
        Agriculture and food (FAO)
        
        Education, science and culture (UNESCO)
        
        Job (ILB)
        
        Children proteccion (UNICEF)
        
        Respect to people's right to self-determination
        
        Any people will be subdued by another.
        
        Decolonisation
      - Security Council
        
        5 permanent members with right of veto.
        
        France
        
        USA
        
        UK
        
        USSR
        
        China
        
        To take the most important decisions.