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Functions (Planning (Plans (standing plan (unchanged) (policies…
Functions
Planning
(best) direction
process of setting goals and determine ways
5 steps
S.M.A.R.T. model for establishing objectives
Plans
statement of intended accomplishment
types
strategic (long-term) (>3 yrs)
Tactical (intermediate) (1-2 yrs)
Operational (short-term) (<1 yr)
standing plan (unchanged)
policies
guidelines for actions/decisions
procedures
describe/recommend actions to achieve goals
rules
indicate acceptable behaviours & consequences
multiple situations
single-use plan (once/few times)
unique situation
budgets
project schedules (specific)
forecast
contingency planning
identify alternatives when environment changes
contemporary planning activities
benchmarking
external comparisons
better evaluation& future actions
Management by objectives
jointly plan
set goal/standard/actions
individually act
perform + support
jointly control
review results/discuss
participatory planning
involve stakeholders who will be affected
Organising
create structures
division of labour
arrange resources
coordinate activities
how to?
organizational structure p.16
allocation of task assignment
formal reporting relationships
formal/informal
traditional
functional
marketing/strategy
divisional
matrix (f+d)
organizational design
supporting structure with situanion
Leading
Controlling
Staffing
Henri Fayol - 5 basis