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Freud , Skinner & Maslow personality theories (Sigmund Freud (Dreams,…

- - - - NO 'sick personality'
        
        failure to appropriately respond to stimuli!
        
        ie social anxiety = faulty reinforcement histories in which social skills were not developed - not result of parenting style at any stage of development
- - - - once basic needs met -focus on what we want from life
      - one might be rich and professionally successful but unfulfilled and happy
      - Not all reach here
      - EXAMPLES: Einstein, James , Jefferson
      - Peak experiances: Totally absorbed by the activity,
        
        Challenging and requires full attention, but not so hard that progress cannot be made.
        
        individual feels in control
        
        sense of time is lost
- - - - much believed to be sexual in nature
        
        ie snakes / knives = penis
        
        baldness and toothlessness= castration fears
    - - highly symbollic
  - - - Socialisation during development - plan reasoning to satisfy needs of the ID
      - Reality principle
    - - conscience
      - internalisations of parental attitudes/ expectataions
      - morality
      - "wrong to do that"
    - - instinctual "I want it now"
      - pleasure principle- achieve pleasure and avoid pain: sex
      - Unconcious
  - - - Phallic
        
        3-5 years
        
        EZ= penis
        
        Penis envy - (girls)
        
        become attracted to opposite sex parent
        
        Castration anxiety in boys
        
        Become aware of mothers as sexual objects - Oedipus complex
      - Latency
        
        5-12
        
        resting stage -psychosexual development
        
        socio learning
      - ANAL: 18 months- 3 years
        
        ability to control lower trunk =
        
        EZ becomes the trunk- bowel movements -potty training
        
        focus becomes power and control- begin conflict with authority- the terrible 2's
        
        FIXATION
        
        If potty training is harsh or early = anal personality (stingy stubborn, orderly)
        
        too liberal= anal expulsive P= untidy/ disorganised - rulebreaker # #
      - Phallic
        
        12-18
        
        Puberty - more mature sexual attachment
      - Oral:
        
        birth -1yr
        
        feeding= need
        
        basic gratification
        
        Erogenous zone= where libido energy is focused
        
        lips , mouth , tongue
        
        Fixation= Oral personality
        
        Self orientated - demanding, thumb sucking, nail biting
        
        continued seek to gratify
    - - FIXATION
        
        Lead to problems in later adult life
  - - - IE. going to party mean missing lecture
        
        EGO saying
        
        maybe I can sneak out gary wont notice
        
        SUPEREGO
        
        saying its wrong to waste my tuition fees on a silly party
        
        ID
        
        DO IT!!!
        
        ALL EQUALS= ANXIETY!!!!!?!?!?!!
    - - Repression:
        
        Pushing undesireable things away- ie not angry he cheated
        
        pathological in extreme
      - Projection
        
        Blaming others for shortcomings
        
        the lecturer was rubbish anyway
      - Rationalisation
        
        Post hoc expalnaiton- didn't want that job anyway
  - - - Ie defence mechanisms: making people feel better and occurs alot
    - - (-) based on evidence from patients
      - often revised idea so hard to follow theoretical narrative
      - often vague, hard to devise clear empirical tests
      - is all behaviour driven by sexual and aggressive drives ?
      - no clear empirical evidence of unconscious processes
      - modern day doesn't place overly high importance on early life effects for P development - more on behaviour genetics
- - - - Negative
        
        Escape
        
        remove noxious stimulus following correct behaviour - IE turning off alarm by pressing snooze!
        
        Active avoidance
        
        Behaviour avoids noxious stimulus - studying to avoid bad grade
      - Positive
        
        add good stimulus following correct behaviour- IE. treat to dog when they sit
    - - Positive
        
        Add bad stimuli following behaviour ie spanking child for swearing
      - Negative
        
        Remove good stimulus following behaviour ie telling child to go to their room fro cursing