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The establishment of the Nazi dictatorship, January-March 1933 (The Hitler…
The establishment of the Nazi dictatorship, January-March 1933
The Hitler cabinet
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Nazi Party held only 3 posts out of 12 ministers- reinforcing Papen's view no fundamental political change occur including the Nazis
Franz Papen: vice-Chancellor and Minister-President of Prussia (right be present whenever Hitler met Hindenburg)
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Papen believed Hitler not be able dominate his own cabinet, less so be able become dictator he aspired to be
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Freiherr von Neurath
Aristocratic, conservative, professional diplomat
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General Blomberg
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Persuaded by promise of aggressive foreign policy/ rearmament steer army towards increasing support for regime
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Hitler stood on balcony of the Reich Chancellery to review a torchlight procession of 100,000 Nazi members through streets of Berlin
Organised by Joseph Goebbels- organisation designed show Hitler's appointment as Chancellor not going to be a normal change of government
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Nazi use of terror
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The Reichstag fire
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27th February: Reichstag building burnt down- Dutch communist Marinus van der Lubbe arrested and charged with arson
Suspicion Nazis deliberately set up van der Lubbe set fire to Reichstag to justify introducing repressive measures BUT no definitive evidence emerged show exactly who responsible
Nazi regime gained most from fire- claimed part of communist plot start revolution in Germany and used justify immediate suspension of civil service
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The use of legal power
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March 1933 election
Violence and intimidation: SPD, communist and Centre Party support held up
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March 1933 election results:
KPD: 81 seats (12.3%)
SPD: 120 seats (18.25%)
State Party: 5 seats (0.85%)
Centre Party: 73 seats (11.25%)
DVP: 2 seats (1.1%)
DNVP: 52 seats (8%)
NSDAP: 288 seats (43.9%)
Resources state at disposal, opponents banned from campaigning- Nazis did NOT achieve success desired election
Nazi propaganda flooded country with posters, leaflets, radio broadcasts, election rallies and parades
Impossible left organise election meetings/ posters removed immediately after put up/ distributing leaflets for SPD and KPD liable be arrested
SA controlled streets, Nazis opponents locked up, offices of SPD and KPD smashed up and funds confiscated
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