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Mitral Stenosis (Treatment and Management (Mitral valve repair (Surgical (…
Mitral Stenosis
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Etiology
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Autoimmunity
-In response to group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal M protein antigens
-Leads to inflammation and scarring of valvular leaflets
-Scarring causes leaflets to become fibrous and fused
-Chordae tendineae cordis becomes shortened
Other Causes
-Infective endocarditis
-Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
-Rheumatoid arthritis
-Carcinoid heart disease
-Severe calcification of the mitral annulus
Epidemiology
-Prevalence ~0.1% in the United States
-Rheumatic heart disease incidence in US has steeply declined over the past 4 decades (multifactorial reasons)
-Still major cause of cardiovascular disease in developing nations
-15.6 million people suffer from rheumatic heart disease world wide
-Approximately 282,000 new cases and 233,000 related deaths each year
Mortality/Morbidity
-10 year survival rate in untreated patients ~ 50-60%
-Cause of death usually due to: cadiopulmonary failure (60-70%), systemic embolism (20-30%), pulmonary embolism (10%), & infection (1-5%)
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