Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

COUNSELLING SKILLS IN AUDIOLOGY (INTRODUCTION TO THEORIES (See chapter…

- - - - Empathic Listening
        = understanding the patient's point of view
        Unconditional Positive Regard
        = being non-judgemental, respeting and accepting opinions and beliefs and trying to understand the other person.
        Respect and accept the patient for being themselves
        Counsellor Congruence = If regard and acceptane is conditional then this tends to lead to incongruene where the person conceals their real self i.e. there is a discrepancy between what they think and feel and what they express verbally / nonverbally
        Both counsellor and patient congruene is required
        Incongruene from the counsellor can lead to mixed messages for the patient.
        *If a person tries to hide their true thoughts and feelings then it is consellor incongruene...
        Patients like us and think that we're trying to help, so they might not be honest in telling us how they actually feel.
        Listening with Concern: Showing an interest allows the patient to express themselves in a non-threatening manner.
        These terms all are linked and impact on eachother. (this is listening actively, with body language and heart and mind)
- - - - (Person centred therapy)....Carl Rogers, the "father" of person-centered therapy, described 3 core conditions, that were central to his school of counseling.
        1) Empathy: the ability to feel what the patient feels
        2) Congruence: the ability to interact honestly and genuinely with the patient.
        3) Unconditional Positive Regard: the ability to value, accept and support patients for who they are - without conditions.
        Rogers also believed that the patient was the expert in their own life & therefore are able to make their own decisions. Person-centered counsellors believe that, if the conditionsof empathy, congruence and unconditional positive regard are demonstrated by the therapist and experienced by the patient, then change and growth will occur.
        Seee listening with your third ear e.g. do I have to wear it all the time? Reveals aceptance issues that are hidden.
    - - Defining Hearing:
        Focus on hearing as the main issue but this is just the first rung on the ladder. The end goal is --> Communication
        Start with hearing and how to improve hearing through Amplification, then teach Listening Skills, and combine Hearing + listening to improve --> Comprehension then link with --> Communication partners and --> Environmental Factors to address --> Communication Skill. =Takes the focus away from the HA being the only solution and the HI person the only facilitator to improvement.
        E.g. if a person has a h.loss and their partner has a poor awareness, they may try to keep talking from another room.
    - - e.g. used in tinnitus patients who are distressed by their tinnitus.
        What do they believe the tinnitus means and how does it affect their behaviour?
        Cognitive distortions in tinnitus....e.g. brain tumour or other sinister cause, losing my hearing --> it will get worse and worse etc...Leads to inappropriate drawing of attention to tinnitus which facilitates additional distress.
        e.g. Anticipating a disability (if a person has meniere's disease and they avoid doing things or activities etc). CBT is useful to help peole to branch out and challenge their beliefs. ...e.g. if they only have meniere's disease 3x a year, perhaps they should go out more inspite of that)
    - - FAMILY SYSTEMS THEORY
        
        Assumptions:
        -Emotional / Behavioural Problems exist within a context of family roles and communications and cannot be understood in isolation.
        -Members of the family are interdependent - they affect and are affected by each other.
        -Emotional problems result when overt (verbal) and covert (non-verbal) messages conflict (=mixed messages).
        Using family systems counselling
        -The clinician identifies mixed messages and helps to break the cycle which sustains the emotional problem.
        
        Again, defining hearing or focusing on communication problems, effects on participation, effects on the stigma of Hearing Loss.
- - - - These other issues might come up. e.g. if a partner helped to manage in difficult listening environments and is now gone (has a huge impact).
        -Be clear: that we're not qualified to help the patient with that issue- but we can refer to a bereavement counsellor- find extra support etc.
        -Inappropriate subjects e.g. abuse, suicidal thought etc..we don't want to get too involved in the discussion about it- but we are able to refer on..