divisions of vascular plants
Division Cycadophyta
Division Gnetophyta
Division Coniferophyta
Division Ginkgophyta
one living species
develop reproductive structures in cones, and male and female cones develop on different branches on the same plant.
small, fan-shaped leaves
ginkgoes
reproductive systems are on separate plants.
tolerate smog and pollu- tion
joint firs
needles are covered in a waxlike coating called cutin that reduces water loss.
three genera of gnetophytes
gymnosperms
produce cones
Division Anthophyta
Male and female cones grow on separate plants
Flowering plants
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genus Ephedra
genus Gnetum
make up more than 75% of the plant kingdom today
ClassifIed as monocots, dicots, or eudicots based on the number of cotyledons and the structure of their pollen.
Welwitschia
exhibit unusual structural adaptations to their environments.
pines
Can live as long as 1500-2000 years
