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Cristian Mata and Erik Alanis - Mao (Aims and results of policies (Aims…
Cristian Mata and Erik Alanis - Mao
Emergence of authoritarian states
Conditions in authoritarian states emerged
Impact of war
(1931) Japan invaded China
Second United Front (1937- 46) Rivalry between the Chinese Nationalist party led by Jiang Jieshi and the Chinese Communist party led by Mao Zedong was postponed in order to fight a common enemy, Japan.
Jiang became less popular due to corruption, bribing and contradictory orders but, was restored somewhat at the end of the war. (1945)
Weakness of political system
1% of the population were members of the CPC
Warlords fought for the nation previously
Social division
Rectification Campaigns eliminated many of the divisions within the party. Rectification movement of 1942 purged the party of undesirable elements and revised maoist thought.
Intellectuals persued
Economic factors
Jiang has USA funding
China was economically weak due to inflation
Methods used to establish authoritarian states
The role of leaders
Lin Biao was appointed Minister of Defense, his importance grew due to his support for Mao.
Chen Boda helped complete the 'Little Red Book'
Propaganda
'The Little Red Book' or
Quotations from Chairman Mao Zedong
was heavily used or propaganda.
Jiang and Lin Biao launched the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (1966)
Persuasion and coercion
Millions of students rampaged across China.
The use of force
Mao consolidated his control over the army
With support of Lin Biao students rebelled against the university administration.
Ideology
Private ownership of land was unacceptable
Aims and results of policies
Aims and impact of domestic economic, political, cultural and social policies
Impact
Famine strikes China which resulted in the death of over 26 million citizens
Lost control over a the Red Guards which resulted in chaos in Chinese society.
Aims
Elimination of opposition from outside and within the party.
Make China be recognized as an independent super power
Transform China into an industrial zone similar to the soviet Union.
The impact of policies on minorities and women
Marriage Reform Law (1950)
Elimination of arranged marriage, gave the option of divorce, women cannot be sold into prostitution, proper care of unwanted babies, and abolishing foot binding.
Authoritarian control and the extent to which it was achieved
Mao ruled over china 1949-1976 and maintained control over the people as a result of policies that suppresses free speech and the elimination of opponents.
Consolidation and maintenance of power
Nature, extent and treatment of opposition
Anti Rightest Movement (1957-1959)
A series of purges within the CPC to eliminate any rightist. The purges also targeted those who criticized the communist party and Mao during the Hundred Flowers Campaign (1956-1957)
Leaders
Deng Xioing
Created from
Hundred Flower Campaign
A policy Mao created to allow the citizens to criticize the government. Mao intended to use this policy to receive feedback and improve the party based on it. Instead Mao received backlash from the Chinese citizens saying the previous policies were a failure.
Use of Legal Methods
Dissemination of Propaganda
All forms of art (Films, Paintings, Music pieces) were to be created for propaganda purposes. Their intent was to promote Mao's image and policies as something that will benefit China as a whole.
Use of Force
Red Guards
Groups of students who banded together to support Mao's policies by purging those who were identified to be anti revolutionary.
Charismatic Leadership
Mao Zedong led China to its victory during the Second SIno-Japanese War (1937-1945
The impact of the success and/or failure of foreign policy on the maintenance of power
United States
(1972) President Richard Nixon visits China in hopes of establishing trade relations with China
Soviet Union
China's relation with the Soviet Union deteriorates at an alarming rate up until 1963 when the relation ended