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Mao_Jonathan_Eduardo_Nate (Consolidation and Maintenance of power (Use Of…
Mao_Jonathan_Eduardo_Nate
Consolidation and Maintenance of power
Use Of legal Methods
Structure of the PRC
chairman, party secretary, military commander, political commissar, which held elections but of only one party. Any other party was banned.
Politburo
Was the main body of the government. Allowed Mao to do many of his policies and supported them.
Reunification
Unified China under one nation. Got rid of warlord-ism.
Cult Of Personality
Made Mao seem like he was perfect. No criticism of Mao was allowed.
Nature and extent and treatment of opposition
100 Flowers Campain
Allowed for criticism of the CCP, but when over, Mao went after those who criticized him and the government.
Anti's Movement
aimed at against party members, government officials, and business owners called for people to revolt against them and to teach them how to be "revolutionary".
The impact of the success and failure of foreign policy on the maintenance of power.
Sino-American Agreement
After the failure of Sino-Soviet relations, China turned towards the U.S. China allowed commerce to go in from the U.S. and invited Nixon to China.
The Sino-Soviet Treaty, 1950
The treaty that China had with the U.S.S.R was seen as a bad thing to Mao.Stalin allowed China to borrow weaponry during the Korean War but Mao regarded this as an insult since Stalin charged interest. The relationship ended with both countries turning sour towards each other and ending up as enemies.
Emergence of Authoritarian States
Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social division; impact of war; weakness of political system.
Economic Factors:
Land Reform: Land of landlords taken by peasants and millions of landlords died.
First Fiver Year Plan- Huge new industrial centers and urban population increased dramatically from 57 million to 100 million.
Social Division: Mao wanted to imitate a Soviet Model of Socialism. Wanted to represented Communism.
Impact of War: Led to successful start of Mao's China. Overthrowing the GMD party.
Weakness of Political system: The Cultural Revolution- The cult of Mao reached its peak. Millions of men and women were tortured to death for not supporting Mao. Education systems were abandoned.
Methods used to establish authoritarian states: persuasion and coercion; the role of leader; ideology; the use of force; propaganda.
Persuasion and Coercion: Believed that persuasion was the only way to convince people and not brutal coercion.
Role of Mao: To reform agriculture in China.
Ideology: Communism
The use of force: The Great Leap Forward was his attempt to create a more "Chinese form" of communism. Took control of agricultural and industrial production and led to famine and deaths of millions of people.
Propaganda: Mao utilized this to get rid of his opponents and spread his ideology. "The Little Red Book" showed what he knew was the right thing to do.
Aims and results of policies
The Impact of policies on women and minorities
Marriage reform law
meant that both genders were equal in union and both had to agree to marriage.
helped mao gain the support of many women
.
foot binding
was abolished and other
basic human rights were established
. women
couldnt be sold into prostituts couldnt be disposed of.
Youth encouraged to rebel against their teachers in universities. Made them have to carry the red little book detailing what Mao wanted for China
Authoritarian Control and the Extent to Which it was Achieved
Cultural Revolution (1961)
relations between China and the Soviet were deteriorating due to their ideological differences and removal of soviet support .
Army
turned into a
Propaganda organ
which extolled Mao's virtues and created his cult of personality. this revolution moved against those identified as counter revolutionaries
Swam in a river for a hour or so to demonstrate that he was returning to power and to tell them that he was very much alive
many social success es for the Chinese people can be contributed to his policies. 1. Life expectancy rose 2. Barefoot doctors - health care system
Aims and Impact of domestic economic, political, cultural and social policies
Agrarian reform
which aimed at redistributing the land
Three Antis Movement
aimed at against party members, government officials, and business owners
Five Antis Movement
targeted cheating on government contracts stealing state economic information, tax evasion, theft of state property and bribery
Target Intellectuals
because what they knew could affect Mao and would offer resistance
Party's Registration system
work permits, residence permits, and secret personal files
The first five year plan
Mao studied the plans of Stalin. He also had the same intention as Stalin which was to
industrialize
but it had a flaw of having the population mainly in the country side. success was achieved at the cost of people.
Land Reform (3 Phases)
1. Introduction of mutual aid teams 2. Merging of these mutual aid teams into larger cooperatives 3. Creating Soviet style collective farms
100 Flowers Campaign
encourage debate in the field of art, literature, and science. Opened criticism of the party to know how to improve. Intellectuals criticized heavily and caused Mao to begin a campaign against them
Anti Rightist Movement
Taught China that criticism of the party and or Mao was not allowed
The Great Leap Forward
(1958-62) continuation of the first five year plan yet it was a failure. he wanted an increase in steel production but peasants didn't know how to do it so it was ineffective Lead to
Famine