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Chapter 1, 2 & 3 (Importance of psychological measurement (Challanges…

- - - - behavioural sample
      - systematic collection of data (standardized conditions)
      - comparing behaviour (intra- or interindividual differences)
    - - performance vs. behaviour test
      - criterion referenced vs. norm referenced
      - speeded vs. power test
  - - - persons awareness that he or she is being measured
    - - expectation and bias effects
    - - can items be added to summarize?
    - - does the test distinguish well?
  - - - the way numerical values are assigned to psychological attributes
  - - - indentity
      - mutually exclusive
      - exhaustive
      - order
        
        numbers are labels but ranks have meaning
      - quantity
        
        interval
        
        ratio
    - - absolute
      - arbitrary
    - - arbitrariness in unit size
      - arbitrariness of object type measure
      - arbitrariness in feature that is measured
    - - additivity
        
        the unit size of measure changes all units being counted are identical
        
        problematic for psychology - measurement uni is not psychological unit
      - counting
        
        all measurement relies on counting but not all forms of counting qualify as measure
- - - - s = root s^2
    - - dependent on
        
        degree to which scores differ
        
        metric of the scores
        
        factors:
        
        can't be smaller 0
        
        no simple small/large interpretation
        
        context needed
        
        importance in the effect on other values (reliability, correlation)
        
        s^2 = sum (x - xbar) ^2 / N