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enzyme action (Structure (Protein, contains other binding sites which do…
enzyme action
Structure
Protein
contains other binding sites which do not hydrolyse proteins
Have an active site specific to one kind of substrate
Single polypeptide chain formed in a tertiary structure
made up of 50 amino acids
Forms an enzyme substrate complex
Factors affecting enzyme action
Temperature
Each enzyme has a specific temperature in which they function optimally most work at 37 which is core body temperature
Curved line to optimum then rapid drop off with increase in temperature beyond optimunm
Temp too low not enough Kinetic energy to start a reaction/ action is too slow
Enzyme concentration
Low concentration
excess substrate leads to half maximum reaction rate if there is half amount of enzymes
Intermediate concentration
If concentration matches substrate concentration reaction rate is at maximum as all substrate is being hydrolysed at once
High concentration
If enzyme concentration is higher than substrate concentration no further increase in reaction rate as there is not more substrate
PH
Each enzyme has a specific PH in which it is at optimal functioning
Change in PH affects enzyme action
PH too high or too low from the optimum will cause the enzyme to denature and be ineffective
Reverse U shaped curve
Lowering of activation energy
Biological catalyst
Globular proteins
Inhibtion
competitive Inhibiton
Molecular shape similar to complimentary substrate
Directly competes with substrate in active site
Delays reaction rate for substrate as they occupy the active site
if substrate concentration is higher than the inhibitor the effect of the inhibitor is reduced
Doesn't permanently bind
Non competitive Inhibiton
increase of substrate inhibitor has no effect
Alters shape of enzyme by binding to a separate site so active site shape is distorted so substrate cannot bind to the enzyme
Attach to enzyme binding site so do not directly inhibit active site
Models of fit between enzyme and substrate
Induced fit
Substrate and enzyme interact. the enzyme is flexible so moulds the active site around the substrate
Changes shape of the molecule causing strain on bonds lowering the activation energy
Must be a successful collision for fit to be induced
Lock and key
Enzyme and substrate are both ridgid so perfect Collison must occur in order for enzyme substrate complex to occur