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Carbohydrates 1 BIOB111 Session 11 (Chirality (superimposable mirror…
Carbohydrates 1
BIOB111 Session 11
Function
provide energy for plants and animals
form supportive structures
supply short-term energy storage
Classification
General formula
CnH2nOn
polyhydroxyl aledhydes
or
polyhydroxyl ketones
monosaccharisde
: 1 unit
disaccharide
: 2 units
oligossaccharide
: 3-10 units
polysaccharide
: hundreds to millions of units
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Chirality
superimposable mirror images
images that coincide at all points when the images are laid upon each other
achiral objects
non-superimposable mirror images
images where not all the points coincide when the images are laid upon each other
chiral objects
Handedness
form of isomerism
molecules exhibiting handedness exist in two forms:
left-handed
and
right-handed
mirror images but
not superimposable
#
Chiral molecule
contains a C atom with
4
different groups bonded to it and it has
non-superimposable
mirror images
Stereoisomers
isomers that have the same molecular and structural formulas but differ in the orientation of the atoms in space
Enantiomers
molecules are
non-superimposabl
e mirror images of each other
chiral molecules with a single chiral centre
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Diastereomers
molecules are not mirror images of each other
can have multiple sterocentres
Fischer
projections
Dextrorotatory compound
chiral compound that rotates the plane of polarised light clockwise
D = "right-handed" molecule
Levorotatory compound
chiral compound that rotates the plane of polarised light anti-clockwise
L = "left-handed" molecule
Glycosidic
linkage
formed in a reaction between the ‒OH group of the hemicetal C atom of one monosaccharide and an ‒OH group on a second monosaccharide
