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Organic Matter (Importance (Fertility (Nutrient Source (N, S, P etc.)…

- - - - Relies on microbes
    - - Cation exchange capacity - negative charge holds cations
- - - - Humic substances - non-definable structure
      - Non-humic substances - definable structures
- - - - Nutrient Cycling
      - Turnover time about 2 years
    - - Cycled 8-10 times per year
    - - may be >90% total organic carbon
      - may contain physically or chemically protected organic carbon
      - Turnover time may be hundreds to thousands of years
- - - - Increased fertiliser inputs
      - Increased irrigation inputs
    - - Increased litter inputs
    - - Anaerobic conditions - flooding
      - Highly acidic
      - Poor litter quality from plants
  - - - Lowering water table
      - Increased degradation due to increased oxygen
      - Compression as pore structure collapses
    - - Decreasing litter inputs
- - - - Direct drilling
  - - - Roots
      - Stubble retention