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Human Emotional Crying: Why Evolution is Not a Far Cry (POSSIBLE SOURCES…
Human Emotional Crying: Why Evolution is Not a Far Cry
INTRODUCTION
Natural Selection; Darwin's refute
Hook
Thesis
POSSIBLE SOURCES
The Riddle of Human Emotional Crying...
Exploring the Concept of Manliness
Crying During Adolescence
Crying That Heals
Age-Related Changes in the Signal Value of Tears
Is Crying Beneficial?
Emotional Tears as Biological Signals
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B3: PSYCHO-BEHAVIOURAL
crying shows social trust + need for attachment = improves social cohesion + bonding
elicits sympathy, inhibits irritation, provokes intervention
effectiveness to convey sadness greatest for adults; infant crying = annoying (paradox: irritation = intervention)
boys have more social pressure to inhibit tears (intrapsychic inhibitory phenomenon, internalized concept of manliness)
most common trigger = powerlessness
women more vulnerable to interpersonal traumas + emotional disturbances
Bowlby: triggers attention and support
release of superfluous emotional energy/relief of tension; failure to cry = detrimental to physical functioning (manifests as other physical ailments)
B2: BIOLOGICAL/PHYSIOLOGICAL
arousing + calming effects
newborn/infants: mostly acoustic signal = health + distress
boys cry less frequently with age: social learning, male hormonal factors
students in romantic relationships: decreased serotonin in brain = affects crying threshold = cry more often than singles
lacrimal glands clear blood, remove stress hormones (toxins) produced during distress = relief
increased PNS activity = improved mood, stimulates relaxation + recovery; rhythmic sobbing/inhalation of cool air = improve mood
emotional tears = more proteins that affect viscosity; contain larger quantities of hormones; stays longer on the face -- prolonged visual cue for care
B1: EVOLUTIONARY
decrease perception gaze od direction/changes in pupil size
handicaps defensive/aggressive actions
increases vulnerability = signals submission/social need for help
humans are social animals with tight + needy social relationships, only animals that cry with tears in response to emotional events
evolved as an attachment behaviour that unites infant + mother/caregiver + receiver
DARWIN: crying = purposeless phenomenon (contradicts basic tenets of theory of natural selection)
ritual weeping = social bonding + connectedness
SPIRAL CONCLUSION