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Nervous Sytems (Central Nervous System Consists of the Brain and Spinal…

- - - - (Regions of)
        Hypothalamus
        Allowing diffusion of hormones into the circulation
        Capillaries
        (around posterior pituitary)
        Also allowing diffusion of hormones into the circulation
        Pineal Gland
        allowing its secretions into the circulation
        (secretes meletonin, important for circadian rhythem (day/night cycles))
        Choroid Plexus
        Capillaries (are very permeable and) have specialized ependymal cells involved in Serebrospinal fluid production
        (found in third ventricle of brain)
  - - - Cell bodies of neurons are arranged in specific areas called Nuclei
        Sensory Nuclei Receive and relay sensory information from receptors
        Motor Nuclei Deliver motor commands to the effectors in the body
    - - In each column, axons are arranges into bundles or tracts based on their structure and function
        All of axons in a tract relay information in same direction
        Ascending tracts
        Carry information towards the brain
        Descending tracts
        Carry motor commands towards the spinal cord
- - - - Sympathetic
      - Parasympathetic
- - - - Resting potential
        Transmembrane potential of an undisturbed cell
      - Transmembrane potential
        Electrical potential of the cell's interior relative to it's surroundings
      - All or none principle
        (A stimulus either triggers an action potential, or it does not produce one at all)
        
        Membrane will not respond normally to additional depolarising stimuli between action and resting potential
        
        Generation of an action potential
        Polarization
        The state or condition of polarity (molecule of both a positively and negatively charged end). (mV)
        Depolarization
        Overshoot phase
        Increase in membrane potential, leaving state of polarity with positive charges
        Repolarisation
        Decrease in membrane potential (after depolarization), returning to state of polarity with negative charges
        Hyperpolarisation
        Undershoot phase
        At the end of the action potential, the membrane becomes more negative than when it was in the resting state.
        The process of returning an excessively negative charged (as result of repolarisation) action potential to a resting potential
        :red_flag: Could find a more scientific definition
        
        Propagation of an action potential
        Generated in a small portion of the membrane (after Axon Hillock exclusively in direction of Telodendria, because previous segment (myelinated internode) is in refractory period)
        Action Potential is propagated through entire excitable membrane
      - Factors that affect speed of action potentials
        Myelin
        
        Axon diameter
        Large = fast
        Small = slower