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Chronic Venous Insufficiency (Symptoms (hyperpigmentation of feet and…
Chronic Venous Insufficiency
Epidemiology
CVI
Varicose Veins
<1%-73% in females
2%-56% in males
<1%-40% in females
<1%-17% in males
Symptoms
hyperpigmentation of feet and ankles
aching
edema of lower extremities
heaviness
cramping
itching
pain
Treatment
physical exercise
surgery
wear compression stockings
vein stripping
elevate legs
Diagnosis
Doppler Ultrasound Imaging
Symptomatic
Pathophysiology
congenital, primary, secondary
veins are hypertensive, circulation is static, or tissue is lacking oxygen
inadequate venous return over a long period