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Organising (6 Elements of Organising (Work Specialisation (Dividing work…
Organising
6 Elements of Organising
Work Specialisation
Dividing work activities into specific jobs
Departmentalisation
Grouping of jobs by function, location, product, process, customer. For example: a business might group functions. In an accounting firm, they may be grouped into audit, taxation, solvency etc.
Chain of Command
Authority, responsibility. For example: an employer might have to report to a manager only
Span of Control
Number of subordinates a manager can manage efficiently and effectively
Centralisation/de-centralisation
Degree to which decision making is controlled by a few vs delegated to many. For example: a manager may adopt an autocratic style, and thus all decision-making is made only by that manager. This is centralised
Formalisation
The degree to which jobs within an organisation are standardised and the extent to which employee behaviour is guided by rules and procedures.
Types of Organisations
Mechanistic
Rigid departmentalisation
High chain of command; tall structural multiple managerial levels
High specialisation
High formalisation; employees are subjected to rules and procedures
Centralised
Organic- more contemporary, no specialists working in rigid departments. Creation of product or service should be more holistic.
Cross functional teams
Cross hierarchical
Free flow of information
Wide spans of control
Low formalisation
Decentralised
Organising is the process of arranging and structuring work to accomplish the organisational goals.
For example, an organisation may arrange resources, materials and employees tasks and responsibilities to efficiently and effectively achieve goals.
Organisations which implement organising processes in business operations can reduce the level of wastage and any uncertainty about how tasks should be completed. Consequently, satisfaction and performance can be enhanced.