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chapter 4 (1.Theories (:star:Definition (system of constructs, system of…
chapter 4
1.Theories
:star:Definition
system of constructs
system of propositions
logical explanation
within assumptions & boundaries
explanations of
natural behavior
social behavior
event
why?
:explode:cause-effect
correlations btw 2 constructs
temporal precedence
rejection of alternative hypotheses/testing
explanations
:green_cross:idiographic
:check:nomothetic
theories tend to be
:red_cross:NOT theory
data
facts
typologies
empirical findings
benefits
logic to key drivers & key outcomes
understand contradictions
guidance for research
bridge gaps between theories
5.Examples of social science theories
Agency theory
explains 2 party relationships
goals not congruent
principal & agent
assumptions
humans>self interested, boundedly rational,risk averse
solution
:check:outcome based approach
task completion
:green_cross:behavior based approach
pay
Planned behavior
generalized human behavior
intention
attitude
consequence*weight
subjective norms
norm*weight
behavior control
control*weight
extension of 'theory of reasoned action'
Innovation diffusion theory
4 key elements
innovation
communication channels
time
social system
how innovations adopted within a population of adopters
at macro level
adopters
innovaters
early adopters
early majority
late majority
laggards
rate differ by
opinion leaders
change agents
at micro level
5 stages
knowlegde
mass media
persuasion
prior adopters
decision
implementation
confirmation
why adopt?
relative advantage
compatability
complexity
trialability
observability
assumption
all innovations are benficial
will be diffused on whole population
Elaboration Likelihood model
how individuals can be influenced to change their attitude toward an object event or behavior
attitude shaped by 2 routes
central route
self logical arguments
peripheral route
external prior views
Elaboration likelihood
General Deterrence Theory
explanation for crime
method to reduce
2.Building blocks of theory
what
constructs
constructs
level of analysis
individual
group
theoretical level
how
propostions
stated declarative
if x> then y
testable
using measurable variables
theoretical level
why
logic
justifies propositions
explanations
who when where
boundary
where
assumptions
values time space
3.Attributes of good theory
logical consistency
building blocks' logical consistency
Explanatory power
ability to predict
better variance
falsifiability
ability to observe and test
parsimony
less assumptions/few variables
4.Approaches to theorizing
ground theory building
inductive based
on patterns/empirical observations
subjective based on scientist
follow a bottom-up conceptual analysis
inductive based
based on a framework
empirical observations
extend/modify
deductive based
existing theories to new contexts
based on similarities of contexts
deductive based