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Mental Health Impacts of Bullying (Immediate Impacts - i.e. internalizing,…
Mental Health Impacts of Bullying
What is bullying
imbalance of power; repeated hurtful actions (article 1)
pattern of interactions established (article 1)
proactive form of aggression (article 2)
direct (physical) or indirect (i.e. exclusion) (article 4)
unprovoked abuse of power to inflict pain/cause distress (article 5)
desire to hurt, repetition, physical/psychological power imbalance(article 6)
Predisposition to being Bullied
early aggressiveness shown to precede chronic peer rejection & victimization (article 1)
appears that internalizing problems also maintain and solidify children’s standing as a victim of peer torment, as opposed to only being a consequence of peer victimization (article 4)
children with depressive and anxiety symptoms had a higher chance of being bullied (article 6)
students with low levels of social support may be more likely to be bullied; their isolation may draw bullies to them (article 6)
Longitudinal Impacts
bullying is a criterion for DSM- IV diagnosis of conduct problems (article 1)
withdrawal, anxiety, depression , low self regard & assertiveness (article 1) - internalizing
psychological distress -> worry, nightmares, sadness (article 1)
increased self-harm behaviours & suicidal ideations (article 1)
increased rates of psychotic symptoms (article 1)
adult psychopathology has roots in childhood poor mental health (article 3)
reinforcement of negative self-evaluations, fear/avoidance of social interactions (article 4)
poorer emotional adjustment (article 6)
Immediate Impacts - i.e. internalizing, externalizing behaviours
increased symptoms of anxiety, depression, low self-esteem & poor social skills (article 1)
bullied chronically -> more disliked, fewer friends, shyer (article 1)
adjustment problems (article 1)
risk factor for psychopathology (article 1)
low self-esteem & self-worth (article 2)
association with somatic symptoms - headache, backache, abdominal pain, sleeping problems, bad appetite, bed-wetting (article 2)
isolation, hyperactive, disturbed personalities (article 2)
less prosocial behaviours (article 3)
children who display internalizing problems (e.g., manifest anxiety, crying easily) are likely hampered in their ability to defend themselves effectively during attacks, and this may lead aggressive children to expect impunity with respect to their bullying behaviour (article 4)
feeling afraid, alienated, angry, ashamed, disempowered, hurt, sad, sub-human, trampled on, ugly & useless (article 5)