Sociology of Sport and terms related to equality and opportunity in sport
Society
Social processes
Social issues
Social structures
Social action theory
An organised group of people associated for some specific purpose or with a shared common interest
Sum of total relationships in a given area
Sporting success is viewed as important measure of relative status of a society
National identity and pride
Achieved as a result of success rivalries formed due to previous historical events
Australia vs England
USA vs Russia
Socialisation
Primary socialisation
Secondary socialisation
Life long process where a member of society learns its norms values and ideas practices and roles in order to take a place in society
Early years of childhood and takes place via immediate family
Internalisation
individuals absorb and accept shared norms and values
Taught basic values and accepted behaviour patterns
Family less involved agencies deliberately set up for socialisation begin to exert more influence
Friends peer groups and schools
School gives moral skills such as cooperation, team work and responsibility
Gender socialisation
Learning of behaviour deemed appropriate for a given sex
impacts on participation in activities and behaviour
Social Control
Social Change
Refers to way in which people's thoughts, feelings and behaviour are regulated in social systems
Society made up of institutions which work together through social processes to ensure socialisation and social control
some social processes lead to constraint limited opportunities to become involved in sport resides in history :
An alteration in the social order of society
e.g. social changes offered by leisure facilities soft play
hard for a social group to bring about change if they have little influence in decision making groups (councils/national governing bodies
occurs when institutions re-adjust to meet the new needs of groups in society
Causes and consequences of inequality
Lack of money
Problems that may affect people in society
Inequality: the unfair situation where resources or opportunities are distributed unevenly within a society
Sexism
lack of confidence/ self esteem
Lack of role models to aspire to for certain roles
myths or stereotypes surrounding certain groups
Social stratification
a type of social inequality where people are divided on the basis of a social characteristic e.g. wealth and status
modern day society uses wealth as a stratification which bars people from participating in certain sports
sport allows people to take on athletic ability
problem of sport providing equality as its about dominance and competition
Social class a term used to define social inequalities certain groups have access to wealth income and power to others. factors which contribute to social class include job, family, background education and income
National curriculum PE young people who suffer as a result of social inequality will have less access to sport due to low income poorer health and diet which may undermine their physical ability and skills
extra curricular activities may be affected due to extra domestic responsibilities and economic strain working class less likely to get involved in clubs middle and upper class have more time to access and money
A way of viewing socialisation emphasising social action
Society maintained and created through interactions
Sport produced through social networks and social interdependence
sport developed along side society
People an intervene in social processes and change them
Interactionist approach
study of how individuals behave within a society
stems from social processes e.g. cooperation and conflict and how humans interact
communication is emphasised as its people who create society
social institutions are a product of interactions
Helpful in understanding how to:
make sports organisations more democratic and less hierarchically organised
change sport to match perspective and identities of those playing