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P1 (2) (Electricity and the Environment (Fossil Fuels (Does not occupy…
P1 (2)
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Power Stations
Energy Changes
In power stations, fossil fuels are burned, or nuclear fuels undergo fission
Power stations are about 35% efficient, Gas power stations are 60% efficient
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What should we burn?
Decisions on how to use inaccessible fuels must be made in future. There are advantages and disadvantages
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Renewable Energy
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Storing Energy
Some renewable energy resources are weather dependent and unreliable. It may be possible to store some generated electricity in large underground batteries for later use
Making Comparisons
Costs and Reliability
Renewable power stations have high capital costs and low running costs while Fossil Fuels power stations are cheaper to build but will increase in running cost as fossil fuel supply ecreases
Fossil Fuel and Nuclear Fuels can be stored making them reliable. While Solar Cells, Wave and Wind Turbines are weather dependant(unreliable)
Hydroelectric power stations generate electricity quickly but they need to keep reservoir lelvels maintained
Nuclear, Coal then Gas power stations have the longest start up and shut down times
Electricity from Sewage
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Creates charged particles which can be separated, setting up a voltage and allowing a current to flow
The National Grid
High Volatage
Through The National Grid, electricity is transmitted from power stations to homes
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Changing direction
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Rainbows
Raindrops refract sunlight. Blue light refracts more than red light(we can only see rainbows when they are behind us)
Sound
A Wave
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All sound waves can be reflected, refracted or diffracted
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