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Causes of decreased RBC count (Due to blood loss (Gastrointestinal tract…
Causes of decreased RBC count
Due to impaired production
Disturbance of proliferation and maturation of erythroblasts
Anemia of folic acid and vitamin B12 deficiency (megaloblastic anemia)
Anemia of prematurity (diminished erythropoietin response in premature infants)
Pernicious anemia (macrocytic anemia due to impaired absorption of vitamin B12)
Iron deficiency anemia (resulting in deficient heme synthesis)
Thalassemias (causing deficient globin synthesis)
Anemia of renal failure (erythropoietin deficiency)
Other mechanisms of impaired RBC production
Anemia of chronic inflammation
Myelophthisic anemia or Myelophthisis (a severe type of anemia resulting from the replacement of bone
marrow by malignant tumors or granulomas)
Myelodysplastic syndrome
Disturbance of proliferation and differentiation of stem cells
Anemia of renal failure (insufficient erythropoietin production)
Anemia of endocrine disorders
Aplastic anemia (affecting all kinds of blood cells)
Pure red cell aplasia
Due to increased destruction: (hemolytic disorders)
Intrinsic (intracorpuscular) abnormalities: (Where the red blood cells have defects that cause premature destruction)
Enzyme deficiencies
Pyruvate kinase and hexokinase deficiencies (causing defective glycolysis)
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (causing increased oxidative stress)
Hemoglobinopathies
Hemoglobinopathies causing unstable hemoglobins
Sickle cell anemia
Abetalipoproteinemia (causing defects in membrane lipids)
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Hereditary elliptocytosis(defect in membrane skeleton proteins)
Hereditary spherocytosis (a hereditary membrane defect, causing RBC to be sequestered by the spleen)
Extrinsic (extracorpuscular) abnormalities
Antibody-mediated
Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia(by IgG)
Cold agglutinin hemolytic anemia (IgM mediated)
Hemolytic disease of the newborn
Mismatch transfusion reactions
Mechanical trauma to red cells
Microangiopathic hemolytic anemias including TTP, HUS
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
Infections, including malaria
Prosthetic valve/heart surgery
Due to blood loss
Gastrointestinal tract lesions
Gynecologic disturbances
Trauma or surgery
Hypervolemia causes spurious low RBC count (due to hemodilution)