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Equity (Equity: Market Organization, Market Indices, and Market Efficiency…

- - - - 2.1. Helping People Achieve Their Purposes in Using the Financial System
        
        2.1.1. Saving
        
        2.1.1. Saving
        
        2.1.3. Raising Equity Capital
        
        2.1.4. Managing Risks
        
        2.1.5. Exchanging Assets for Immediate Delivery (Spot Market Trading)
        
        2.1.6. Information-Motivated Trading
      - 2.2. Determining Rates of Return
      - 2.3. Capital Allocation Efficiency
    - - 3.1. Classifications of Assets and Markets
      - 3.2. Securities
        
        3.2.1. Fixed Income
        
        3.2.2. Equities
        
        3.2.3. Pooled Investments
      - 3.3. Currencies
      - 3.4. Contracts
        
        3.4.1. Forward Contracts
        
        3.4.2. Futures Contracts
        
        3.4.3. Swap Contracts
        
        3.4.4. Option Contracts
        
        3.4.5. Other Contracts
      - 3.5. Commodities
      - 3.6. Real Assets
    - - 4.1. Brokers, Exchanges, and Alternative Trading Systems
      - 4.2. Dealers
      - 4.3. Securitizers
      - 4.4. Depository Institutions and Other Financial Corporations
      - 4.5. Insurance Companies
      - 4.6. Arbitrageurs
      - 4.7. Settlement and Custodial Services
    - - 5.1. Short Positions
      - 5.2. Leveraged Positions
    - - 6.1. Execution Instructions
      - 6.2. Validity Instructions
      - 6.3. Clearing Instructions
    - - 7.1. Public Offerings
      - 7.2. Private Placements and Other Primary Market Transactions
      - 7.3. Importance of Secondary Markets to Primary Markets
    - - 8.1. Trading Sessions
      - 8.2. Execution Mechanisms
        
        8.2.1. Quote-Driven Markets
        
        8.2.2. Order-Driven Markets
        
        8.2.3. Brokered Markets
      - 8.3. Market Information Systems
  - - - 2.1. Calculation of Single-Period Returns
      - 2.2. Calculation of Index Values over Multiple Time Periods
    - - 3.1. Target Market and Security Selection
      - 3.2. Index Weighting
      - 3.3. Index Management: Rebalancing and Reconstitution
    - - 4.1. Gauges of Market Sentiment
      - 4.2. Proxies for Measuring and Modeling Returns, Systematic Risk, and Risk-Adjusted Performance
      - 4.3. Proxies for Asset Classes in Asset Allocation Models
      - 4.3. Proxies for Asset Classes in Asset Allocation Models
      - 4.5. Model Portfolios for Investment Products
    - - 5.1. Broad Market Indices
      - 5.2. Multi-Market Indices
      - 5.3. Sector Indices
      - 5.4. Style Indices
    - - 6.1. Construction
      - 6.2. Types of Fixed-Income Indices
    - - 7.1. Commodity Indices
      - 7.2. Real Estate Investment Trust Indices
      - 7.3. Hedge Fund Indices
  - - - 2.1. The Description of Efficient Markets
      - 2.2. Market Value versus Intrinsic Value
      - 2.3. Factors Contributing to and Impeding a Market’s Efficiency
        
        2.3.1. Market Participants
        
        2.3.2. Information Availability and Financial Disclosure
        
        2.3.3. Limits to Trading
      - 2.4. Transaction Costs and Information-Acquisition Costs
    - - 3.1. Weak Form
      - 3.2. Semi-Strong Form
      - 3.3. Strong Form
      - 3.4. Implications of the Efficient Market Hypothesis
        
        3.4.1. Fundamental Analysis
        
        3.4.2. Technical Analysis
        
        3.4.3. Portfolio Management
    - - 4.1. Time-Series Anomalies
      - 4.2. Cross-Sectional Anomalies
      - 4.3. Other Anomalies
      - 4.4. Implications for Investment Strategies
- - - - 3.1. Common Shares
      - 3.2. Preference Shares
    - - venture capita
      - leveraged buyouts
      - private investment
    - - 5.1. Direct Investing
      - 5.2. Depository Receipts
    - - 6.1. Return Characteristics of Equity Securities
      - 6.2. Risk of Equity Securities
    - - 7.1. Accounting Return on Equity
      - 7.2. The Cost of Equity and Investors’ Required Rates of Return
  - - - 3.1. Products and/or Services Supplied
      - 3.2. Business-Cycle Sensitivities
      - 3.3. Statistical Similarities
    - - 4.1. Commercial Industry Classification Systems
      - 4.2. Governmental Industry Classification Systems
      - 4.3. Strengths and Weaknesses of Current Systems
      - 4.4. Constructing a Peer Group
    - - 5.1. Principles of Strategic Analysis
      - 5.2. External Influences on Industry Growth, Profitability, and Risk
    - - 6.1. Elements That Should be Covered in a Company Analysis
      - 6.2. Spreadsheet Modeling
  - - - 4.1. Preferred Stock Valuation
      - 4.2. The Gordon Growth Model
      - 4.3. Multistage Dividend Discount Models
    - - 5.1. Relationships among Price Multiples, Present Value Models, and Fundamentals
      - 5.2. The Method of Comparables
      - 5.3. Illustration of a Valuation Based on Price Multiples
      - 5.4. Enterprise Value
    - - Asset-Based Valuation