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Remembering complex Events (memory errors (intrusion error (are often the…
Remembering complex Events
hyperthymesia
They can recall the details of every single day
of their lives, but that ability has not made them incredible
geniuses or scholars, it can be burdensom
memory errors
can arise when people try to remember episodes that are related to other things they have experienced
intrusion error
are often the source of this decrease -- subjects respond with a synonym of a presented word, which is scored as an error
Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM)
procedure
Read the list “bed, rest, awake, tired, dream, wake, snooze. . . .” Participants recall “sleep” even though it was not on the list.
schema
knowledge that describes what is typical or frequent in any given situation
can help when remembering an event
Regularization via schemata
Books are remembered in an office whereas footage of a plane crash is remembered.
Another line of research has investigated
the misinformation effect
Loftus and Palmer 1974
Memory Confidence
There is little relationship between our
confidence in our memories and their accuracy
Retention interval
the amount of time that elapsed between initial learning and subsequent retrieval
Decay
memories may fade or erode
interference
newer learning may disrupt older memories
retrieval failure
memory is intact but cannot be accessed
Can be partial—Tip of the Tongue (TOT) effect
Autobiographical memory refers to
memory of episodes and events in a person’s own life
The self-reference effect—better
memory for information relevant to oneself
The self-schema is a set of beliefs
and memories about oneself
Repression
traumatic memories can be lost and then recovered may be due to misinformation