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Non-specific Immunity/Innate Immunity (Complement system (Pathways …
Non-specific Immunity/Innate Immunity
Non-specific defence mechanism that host uses immediately/within several hours after exposure to almost any microbe
Recognize unique molecules associated with microbes called
pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS)
Function
Restrict entry
first response in killing of pathogens-reduce the inoculum potential to below threshold of infection
Antigen presentation-induction of the immune response
Restrict spread of pathogen
cytokine
Small molecules secreted by cells in response to stimulus
interleukins
,
lymphokines
and
cell signal molecules
, such as
tumor necrosis factor
and the
interferons
, which trigger inflammation and respond to infections
Interferons
provides an early innate immune response against viruses
Protect cells from infection
Host-specific but not pathogen specific
activity testing
: :lock:
Cells infected with virus
Interferon collected and purified
Tested for ability to protect cells from virus infection
Interleukin-6
stimulate proliferation of B-lymphocytes & increase neutrophil production
Tumor necrosis factor & interleukin-1
mediates acute inflammation
specific effect on the interactions between cells,
Complement system
A system that helps or ‘complement’ the ability of antibody and phagocytic cells to clear pathogen
Circulate in the blood as inactive form –
prozime
Series of proteases that self activated by proteolytic cleavage
Heat labile & present in normal plasma
Complement protein made in the liver & circulate in plasma
Pathways :warning:
Alternative
Lectin
Classical