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3 Perspectives of Applied Learning (constructivism (mind as a rhizome…
3 Perspectives of Applied Learning
behaviourism
mind as a black box
learning = regular expected responses
instruction = repetition and reinforcement
cognitivism
mind as a computer
learning = recall of stored infomation
instruction = grab attention and help recall
constructivism
mind as a rhizome
constructivism utilises interactive teaching strategies to create meaningful concepts to construct knowledge based on their own experience
Egs/ role play, debating, internships, cooperative learning groups
learning = building knowledge by doing
instruction = guiding problem solving
Points made by Kayla Yilmaz:
-contrasts sharply with objectivist epistemology and positivism
-postulates that knowledge cannot exist outside our minds
-knowledge is not discovered but constructed by individuals based on experiences
3 domains:
-social
-psychological
-radical
Assumptions/ Principles:
-Learning is an active process
-Learning is an adaptive activity
-Learning is situated in the context in which it occurs
-Knowledge is not innate, passively absorbed, or invented but constructed by the learner
-All knowledge is personal and idiosyncratic
-All knowledge is socially constructed
-Learning is essentially a process of making sense of the world
-Experience and prior understanding play a role in learning
-Social interaction plays a role in learning
-Effective learning requires meaningful, open-ended, challenging problems for the learner to solve
Points made by Alison Taylor:
-community service-learning (CSL) strengthens connections to local communities
-a form of experiential education, social learning, student development and liberatory education
-service learning (SL) incorporated CSL with the intention of benefitting both the community and the volunteer
-cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT) overarching theory to CSL AND SL
CHAT Key Features:
-Rejection of Theory/Practice Divide
-Knowledge Development as a Social Collaborative Activity
-Contradictions In and AcrossActivity Systems
-CHAT as an Interventionist Research Method
2 theories
descriptive
learning theories
prescriptive
instructional theories