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Renal system (Overview (Nephron loop (Further reabsoprtion of water in…
Renal system
Overview
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Distal convoluted tubule
Secretion of ions, acids, drugs and toxins
Variable reabsorption of water
Na and Ca reabsorption (under hormonal control)
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Collecting duct
Variable reabsorption of water
Reabsorption or secretion for sodium, potassium, hydrogen and bicarbonate ions
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Filtrate
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Filtrate: water, ions, glucose and small proteins
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- Highly fenestrated: allows most molecules passage but not cells or large proteins
- Both cell layers contain negatively charge glycoproteins
- Podocytes: foot like processes which integrate forming filter bed
Filtration
Uncharged molecules (salts, glucose, amino acids ) can pass through filtration
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GFR
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What to use
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Inulin: Polysaccharide
- But needs continuous infusion to maintain steady state
Everything that is filtered is excreted: none reabsorbed , none secreted
Clearance
- GFR
- If clearance of substance is greater than that of inulin then it must be secreted by tubular cells (para amino hippuric acid)
- If clearances of usbstance is less than that of inulin it must be reabsorbed (glucose)
Structure
Only organ in which two capillary beds, in series, connect arteries wtih veins
Maintains constant blood flow through and around nephron despite fluctuating systemic blood pressure
Overview
- Artery
- Afferent arteriole
- Efferent arteriole
- Tubule
- Vein
Cortical nephron
- Peritubular capillaries
- Efferent arteriole
- Afferent arteriole
- Renal corpuscle
- Collecting duct
- Nephron loop
- Distal convoluted tubule
Juxtamedullary nephron
- Peritubular capillaries
- PCT
- Renal corpuscle
- Vasa recta
- Nephron loop
- DCT
- Collecting duct