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Wars of Roses; Medieval Crime and Punishment (The Wars of Roses (Why?…
Wars of Roses; Medieval Crime and Punishment
The Wars of Roses
Who?
House of York-White Rose
House of Lancaster-Red Rose
English Families
When?
1455-1485
Where?
England
What?
A series of battles for the English Crown
Why?
Both families (houses) were descendants of the King Edward III
King Henry VI (Lancastrian) had terrible nobles
Civil unrest
Powerful lords with armies
Henry VI's mental illness
Major Points
Queen Margaret of Anjou-Lancaster
Battle of Townton
Lots of double crossing
King Edward IV's sons go to King Richard III
Tudors emerge victorious-Battle of Bosworth
Medieval Crime and Punishment
Types of Trial
There were two types of trial in medieval times; trial by jury used for all but the most serious crimes and trial by ordeal for the most serious crimes
Trial by ordeal was intended to determine if a person was innocent or guilty - it was believed that God would help the innocent by performing a miracle on their behalf
Torture and Death
Torture was deemed a legitimate means to extract confessions or to obtain the names of accomplices or other information about a crime. Torture was conducted in private, unlike public trials and executions
To be hanged, drawn and quartered was from 1351 a statutory penalty in England for men convicted of high treason. For reasons of public decency, women convicted of high treason were instead burned at the stake
Ways of Punishment
Fines
Shaming
Public Stocks
Cutting off body parts
Death
Ways of Torture
Dunking Stool
Tied to chair: repeatedly dunked in water
Catherine's Wheel
Systematic breaking of limbs
Scold's Bridle
Used to prevent someone from talking
Ordeals
Ordeal by Fire
Walk 3-4 paces with a red hot iron in hands
Ordeal by Water
Hands and Feet bound and thrown into water
Ordeal by Combat
Fight between the accused and accuser