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Wars of Roses/ Medieval Crime and Punishment (war of roses (why? (King…
Wars of Roses/ Medieval Crime and Punishment
war of roses
who? english families
house of lancaster (white rose) and the house of york (red rose)
when? 1455-1485
where? england
what? a series of battle for the english crown
why?
King Henry VI had terrible nobles
both houses were descendants of the king edward III
civil unrest
powerful lords with armies
Henry VI's mental illness
major points
Queen Margaret of Anjou-Lancaster
battle of townton
30,000-40,000 casualties
lots of double crossing
King Edward IV's sons- King Richard III
Tudors emerge victorious- Battle of Bosworth
2 types of trial- trial by jury used for all but most serious crimes and trial by ordeal for the most serious crimes.
trial by ordeal was intended to determine if a person was innocent or guilty- it was believed that God would help the innocent by performing a miracle on their behalf
torture was deemed a legitimate means to extract confessions or to obtain the names of accomplices or other information about a crime. torture was conducted in private, unlike public trials and executions.
to be hanged, drawn and quartered was from 1351 a statutory penalty in England for men convicted of high treason. For reasons of public decency, women convicted of high treason were instead burned at the stake.
other punishments
fine
shaming
public stocks
cutting off body parts
death
ways of torture
ducking stool
catherine's wheel
systematic breaking limbs
scold's bridle
ordeals
ordeal by fire
walk 3-4 paces with a red hot iron in hands
ordeal by water
hands and feet bound and thrown into water
ordeal by combat
fight between the accused and accuser