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HOW DO PARTICIPATORY URBAN DESIGN PROCESS & ETHICS OF ENGAGEMENT…

- - - - Practical questions
        
        guided not by values but by complex mixture of phislophical beliefs, religious beliefs and factual beliefs
      - Deciding Right or Wrong
        
        Nothing is absolute
        
        relative to context and culture
      - Answer that lies somewhere in between
        
        look for space for change to happen
      - Debate that unsettles everyone
        
        takes time to accept uncertainty
        
        uncertainty of deciding intervention is not sign of professional incompetance but rather a condition of practice
  - - - BUS STOP
        Bus Stop at the centre of informal settlement which in four years time becomes thriving community
        centre through series of progressive intervention (like street lights, trees, paving, mobile, dental clinic
        etc) and improvisations( like front rooms of houses that bordered the area turned into shops and cafes,
        children gathered under the lights to play and do homework, vendors gathered to sell icecreams and
        drinks)
      - PICKLE JAR
        Story of the pickle jar-visible manifestation of an invisible network of elderly people growing plants
        and vegetables for sale and for themselves. Intervention brought together people with disused peice of
        land adjacent to the nearby school with the intent of scoializing their collective resourcefulness and
        icneasing productivity. teaching children about plant life and nutrition, occasional school meals were
        provided. Other schools also followed and it became a city wide prorgamme- all run collectively and by
        mostly elderly people, earning them small amounts of money and more importantly, giving them back
        their dignitiy and sense of self worth.
      - FEDERATION OF TAP
        Federation of tap attendants, a small group of women and children who managed the supply of water
        form local staandpipes. This intervention created a social enterprise that involved collecting small
        money from people in return of securing the standpipe, ensuring supply and undertaking informal
        deliveries to those who could not fetch water themselves. over time , a number of similar social
        enterprises were set up around the city that were subsequently federated . The federation of elected
        representatives who became members of city's water authority and part of governance of water. The
        practical intervention was clear improving water supply
      - LESSONS
        
        Common sense
        
        design development grounded in action research
        
        reversal of usual survey
        
        importance of questioning the way questions are asked
        
        being strategic
- - - - EXAMPLE 1 : ETHOPIAN MINORITY CASE
        minorities like ethopian jews under the geopolitics of israeli planning and for delineating the conflicts between discourses of cultural differences
      - EXAMPLE 2 : NAVAJO TRIBE AND US FOREST SERVICE
        US forestry departtment's proposed road construction was threat to rights to religious freedom of Navajo tribe. But, understanding of religious use of land was different and thus judge concluded land was not actively used for ritual purpose as it doesnt contain any specific religious site. Its because planning framework is guided by belief system of dominant culture
        legal frameworks vs right to difference is seen
      - WAYS CULTURAL MISUNDERSTANDINGS
        
        Communication style
        
        attitude towards discourse
        
        attitude towards conflict
        
        approaches to accomplishing task
        
        styles of decision making
        
        approaches to knowing
      - EXAMPLE 3:LOCATION IN SUBURB
        Mosque , Hindu Temple and Buddhist Monastery given peripheral sub-urban spaces
      - FOUR KIND OF RESPONSE
        to manage the differences
        
        going to COURT
        to ensure rights
        
        using MARKET MECHANISM
        for opportunities and integration
        
        encouraging DIALOGUE
        
        EDUCATION on
        cross-cultural context of planning
    - - THERAPEUTIC APPROACH
        Dialogical approach which brings antagonistic parties together to talk through their concerns . It rquires open and communicative planning process , involving negotiations and mediations in working through a problem with those directly affected. It requires life experience, communicative skills and cross cultural understanding
      - CRITICISM TO COLLABORATIVE AND CONSENSUS
        Sandercock points out two critical differences
        
        assumption that rational discourse is appropriate and achievable
        
        not necessarily transformative outcomes despite consensus
    - - MAIN EXAMPLE : CROSS CULTURAL CONFLICT OVER LAND USE IN INNER SYDNEY
        
        3 GROUPS IN CONFLICT
        White conservatives resisting site to be used for aborignal purpose and wanted to have a park with police station
        Aboriginal people wanting community center
        Liberal Whites supporting aborginals
        
        SEPARATE MEETINGS
        fearing hostility and conflict separate meetings
        
        SPEAKOUT PHASE
        Speak out session focusing on core issues to make each other understand well
        
        ISSUE
        Factory site deterred by drug abuse in the site
        council trying to change but conflict and hostility
        
        OUTCOMES
        Conservatives agreed to allow aboriginal demands
        
        THINGS TO CONSIDER
        Conflict created a space to manage difference
  - - - BODY MAP STORYTELLING
        therapeutic process of mapping their own fears and anxieties in their bodies
      - SHARED SENSORY SPATIAL EXPERIENCES
- - - - Haraway and Harding (1991)
        
        All knowledge marked by its origin and to deny is to make false claim of universally applicable knowledge and subjugate knowledge and their producers .
        
        knowledge are limited , specific and partial. Knowledge maintains scientific, late industrial, miilitiarized , racist and male dominant societies
        
        critique on the way feminism of white woman have ignored specificities of the black and lesbian women
- - - - WHAT IS GOOD GOVERNANCE AT THE GLOBAL SCALE ?
        What does it mean to bring back the state and make it more accountable to fourth dimension between local, national and global level?
        
        Martin Khor says there has been most favorable envrionment in global scale due to democratization of international relations and institutions and south can talke active role in decisionmaking
        
        George Monbior's book age of consent sheds the undemocratic process of IMF and World Bank. dominated by g8 nations holding 49%
      - WHAT ARE THE PLACES OF PRACTICE ? Where do NGOs typically operate and where should they operate ?
        
        As per Edwards , 3 types of NGOs have been important
        a. changing the language of debate and biring human dimension
        b negotiating the detail of regimes
        c. monitoring and enforcing global agreements
      - WHERE DO PRACTIONERS SIT ?
        The choice of partnership level and dimension will decide the course of the careers.
        most of participatory programmes like PRA, RRA, CAP have focused on improving practice working with community. Some work with informal and formal market . Some also work with national and regional networks like ACHR, People's Dialogue and Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee and Some with UN and socially responsible corporates like Shell, Coca Cola etc.
      - WHAT DOES THE CONCEPT OF MUTUALISATION AND PARTNERSHIP MEAN? between state and market at different levels ? between community at local, national and global levels, Are there linkage and relationship yet to be explored in the interests of governance ?