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Eating disorders (Bulimia Nervosa (Comorbidity (MDD, SAD(BN increases…

- - - - BECAUSE BN don't become underweight as a result of purging
  - - - use compensatory(purging) to feel better
- - - - gene for anorexia is different from bulimia
        
        BN is culture-bound and AN is not
  - - - leads to appetite loss and self-starvation
        
        criticism
        
        AN does not lack hunger but they refrain to eat
        
        hormonal imbalance in AN is a consequence not a cause
    - - reduce pain sensation
        
        self-starve so to get euphoria in AN
        
        BN opioids is low
        
        associated with craving
        
        criticism
        
        maybe consequence rather than cause
    - - serotonin promotes satiety
        
        low levels leads to binge
    - - eating is more rewarding and pleasurable
  - - - criteria to consider mass media as a cause
        
        content and exposure
        
        unhealthy messages
        
        Correlation between exposure to mass media & eating disorder
        
        longitudinal research on the link between media exposure and with body image
        
        increases the negativity
        
        experimental manipulation of media exposure
        
        confirms negative effects on body image
        
        experimental evidence,prevention studies
        
        no study on if media literacy can prevent development of eating disorders
        
        subjective experience with media influences
        
        awareness of thin ideal, internalization of ideas, and media pressure
        
        predictors of neg body image
  - - - family structure promotes development of the disorder
        
        Enmeshment
        
        overly involved in affairs
        
        Overprotection
        
        overly preoccupied with welfare
        
        intimidating parental control
        
        Rigidity
        
        tendency to maintain status quo
        
        Lack of conflict resolution
  - - - childhood sexual abuse
  - - - Self-oriented
        
        setting high standards
      - other-oriented
        
        conform to high standards set by society
      - adaptive
        
        trying to achieve the best possible
      - Maladaptive
        
        trying to reach achievable goals
    - - very negative view of themselves
  - - - low self-esteem
      - perfectionism
      - interperseonal problems
      - mood intolerance
- - - - Maudsley approach
        
        how the family
        
        can help and solve the problms
        
        can challenge the eating disorder symptoms
        
        develops relations after recovery
  - - - fluoxetine
      - Prozac
      - effective for BN,NOT for AN
  - - - treatment of choice for BN (CBT-BN)
        
        learn to control and plan eating
        
        Reconstruction of dysfunctional beliefs about shape and weight
        
        development of relapse prevention technique
      - CBT-E for every eating disorder (Enhanced)
        
        targets problems not directly related to eating disorder like perfectionism, low self-esteem, interpersonal difficulties
        
        Focused(CBT-Ef)
        
        default version because it only addresses eating disorder psychopathology
        
        Broad(CBT-Eb)
        
        also addresses external problems
        
        in stage 3 overvaluation of shape and weight
    - - identify and examine problems with interpersonal problem areas
    - - involves service for people who can't receive another type
- - - - weight gain is viewed as a loss of self-control
    - - Restricted AN
        
        self-starvation not associated with purging (vomiting or use of laxatives)
      - Bing-eating/purging AN
        
        self- starvation IS ASSOCIATED with purging to help control the weight
    - - females 10 times more
      - Lifetime rate by 20 is below 1%
      - differ across cultures
    - - cardiac arrythmias
      - hypotension
      - Dry skin, brittle hair
      - Gastrointestinal problems
      - amenorrhoea
        
        absence of menstrual
      - hypothermia
        
        feeling cold in worm environments
      - weak heart muscle because the body uses these as source of protein
      - Death, rate 5-8% (suicide 1 on 5)
        
        one of the highest mortality rate in psycho disorders
    - - MDD
      - OCD-OCPD
      - Anxiety
      - Panic and Agoraphobia
      - Social Anxiety
      - phobia
      - Substance abuse
- - - - Eating quicker than usual
      - Eating until uncomfortably full
      - Eating sizable amounts of food when not feeling hungry
      - Eating alone due to being embarrassed by the amount being eaten
      - Feeling disgusted, depressed or guilty after binge